19 Days Central Asia Tour: Best 5 Stans Budget Tour in Small Group

Welcome to Almaty, Kazakhstan’s Old Capital & Largest City! Upon your arrival at Almaty International Airport, our local driver will greet you at the arrival gate. From there, it's about 20 km drive to the downtown area. We will help you check into your hotel.

Nestled at the foot of the majestic Trans-Ili Alatau mountain range, Almaty enchants travelers with its breathtaking natural setting, where snow-capped peaks are always in view. Known as the “Father of Apples” & “City of Apples”, it’s believed to be the genetic birthplace of modern apples. Spot whimsical apple art dotted all over Almaty - sweet, playful, and totally Instagram-worthy!

Once a pivotal city on the Silk Road, Almaty is celebrated for its relaxed, friendly vibe, making it a haven for hikers, foodies, and culture lovers. As Kazakhstan’s former capital (1929-1997), it retains a distinct Soviet-era charm, with leafy streets, grand avenues, and impressive cultural landmarks.

Almaty feels like a blend of European and Asian influences - clean, safe, and vibrant, with a multi-ethnic population of Kazakhs, Russians, Uyghurs, and Koreans. Be sure to try local delicacies like beshbarmak (a hearty meat and noodle dish) and shubat (fermented camel milk) for an authentic taste of nomadic heritage.

Arrival Ideas:

1. For Flights: Almaty International Airport (ALA) is Kazakhstan’s busiest hub, offering direct flights from major cities like Istanbul, Dubai, Frankfurt, Seoul, Beijing, and Moscow. Check airlines like Lufthansa, Turkish Airlines, or Air Astana for the latest schedules and connections.

2. For Visas: Kazakhstan offers visa-free entry for citizens of over 80 countries, including the U.S., EU nations, the UK, Canada, Australia, and most of Asia. Others apply for an e-visa online - fast, simple, and ready for your adventure! Always confirm requirements with official government sources before your trip.

Almaty Travel Tip: If you arrive in Almaty early and have some free time, you or your group can explore the city on your own. The following ideas have been compiled for your reference:

1. Almaty Metro Experience: It is a 18-meter-deep Soviet-era marvel. Ride affordable, scenic lines: Abay Station’s cultural murals, Zhibek Zholy’s art. See uniquely themed stations adorned with beautiful mosaics, murals & ornate chandeliers. It’s an artistic underground museum & a functional transit hub.
2. Abay Opera House: Watch an evening performance (affordable) at one of Central Asia's oldest opera houses. It showcases world-class ballet & opera productions. Its elegant, Soviet-era architecture & grand interior provide a truly memorable cultural experience.
3. Night Life at Arbat Street: It is a vibrant pedestrian zone. Enjoy street performers, browse local art and crafts, and relax at one of its many cozy cafes. It's the perfect place to soak up the local culture.

Apple art dotted all over Almaty

Abay Kazakh State Academic Opera and Ballet Theater

Almaty Metro, Kazakhstan

Abilkhan Kasteev State Art Museum

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Almaty

Today, your group will enjoy a full day exploring the highlights of Almaty. ****Your journey begins at 28 Panfilov Guardsmen Park, a peaceful green oasis named in honor of General Ivan Panfilov and his 28 soldiers who heroically defended Moscow during World War II. Their legendary last words - “Great Russia, but nowhere to retreat. Moscow is behind us” - remain etched in history. Stroll along shaded paths, reflect at the Eternal Flame monument, and honor these heroes whose sacrifice reminds us of the true value of peace.

Within the park stands one of Almaty’s most iconic landmarks - the Ascension Cathedral (Zenkov Cathedral). Designed by Russian architect Andrei Pavlovich Zenkov and completed in 1907, this 56-meter-tall masterpiece is the second-tallest wooden church in the world, built entirely without nails. Miraculously, it withstood the devastating 1911 earthquake with minimal damage. Step inside to admire its vivid murals, gilded iconostasis, and tranquil atmosphere - an unforgettable place for reflection and photography.

Nearby lies the Kazakh Museum of Folk Musical Instruments (closed Mondays), also designed by Zenkov. The charming wooden building houses over 1,000 instruments - wooden harps, horns, bagpipes, the two-stringed dombra, and the bowed kobyz - each echoing the spirit of Kazakhstan’s nomadic culture. You may even enjoy a short live performance that brings these sounds of the steppe to life.

Later, your group can take a short walk to the lively Green Bazaar (Zeleny Bazar), a bustling marketplace that offers a true taste of local life. Browse colorful stalls filled with spices, dried fruits, and handmade crafts, or sample regional delicacies like juicy samsa (meat pies), tangy kurt (dried cheese), kazy (horse sausage), and traditional dairy sweets.

In the afternoon, be transferred and ascend to Kok-Tobe Hill, a symbol of Almaty at 1,100 meters above sea level. Ride the scenic cable car for panoramic views of the city and the snow-capped Shymbulak Mountains. Visit the famous Beatles monument, admire the 372-meter TV Tower, and enjoy attractions like the Ferris wheel, mini-zoo, or cozy cafés. It’s a perfect spot for sunset photography and relaxation amidst nature.

After your visit, return to your hotel in Almaty.

Central State Museum of Kazakhstan, Almaty

28 Panfilov Guardsmen Park, Almaty

Ascension Cathedral, Almaty

Kok Tobe Hill, Almaty

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Almaty

This morning, leave Almaty behind and set off on a scenic drive to Charyn Canyon National Park (about 210 km, 4-5 hours). Often called the “Grand Canyon of Central Asia,” this awe-inspiring natural wonder has been carved by wind and the Charyn River over the past 12 million years. Layers of colorful sedimentary rock reveal the Earth’s deep geological history - from ancient lake beds to long-vanished river systems.

The highlight of the park is the Valley of Castles (Dolina Zamkov), a stunning section where wind-sculpted cliffs and pillars resemble ancient fortresses and magical towers. Enjoy a leisurely 2–3 km walk along the canyon floor, surrounded by glowing walls of red, orange, and gold. At the end of the trail, the path opens up to the Charyn River, where you can relax, enjoy your packed lunch, or simply take in the serenity of this incredible landscape.

Charyn Canyon stretches over 150 km along the river, featuring a surprising diversity of terrain - from semi-desert cliffs to lush riverbanks dotted with small groves of ash trees, all framed by the distant, snow-capped Tian Shan Mountains. With a bit of luck, you may spot wildlife such as foxes, eagles, hares, or lizards along the way.

Travel Tips:

1. Best Time to Visit: Spring (April-June) and autumn (September-October) offer the most pleasant weather. In summer (July-August), temperatures can exceed 40°C at the canyon floor - avoid hiking at midday if possible.
2. Hiking Advice: The trail is mostly flat but exposed; wear comfortable, non-slip hiking shoes and carry plenty of drinking water.
3. Picnic Lunch: As there are no restaurants within the canyon, we will provide a picnic or simple lunch box for your group, typically including sandwiches, fruit, and bottled water.

After a day of exploring one of Kazakhstan’s most spectacular natural sites, return to Almaty in the late afternoon.

Charyn Canyon National Park

Charyn Canyon National Park

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Almaty

Today, your group will depart Almaty and travel toward Kyrgyzstan, with a scenic drive of about 4-5 hours (about 250 km). You’ll cross the border at Korday (Ak-Zhol) Checkpoint, the main and busiest crossing between Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. (Tip: The border operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and under normal conditions, the crossing process takes around 30 minutes.)

Upon entering Kyrgyzstan - often called the “Switzerland of Central Asia” - you’ll immediately notice its pristine landscapes, rolling mountains, and rich nomadic heritage. The journey continues smoothly to Bishkek, the charming Kyrgyz capital, known for its wide boulevards, leafy parks, and remnants of Soviet-era architecture set against a stunning mountain backdrop.

This afternoon, your group will enjoy a half-day Bishkek city tour. Highlights include:

Begin at the city's main square - Ala-Too Square. See the imposing statue of Manas, the legendary national hero, as well as the Government House and the national flagpole. At certain times, you may also witness military changing-of-the-guard ceremony.

From the square, walk to beautiful Oak Park, a quiet retreat in the city center with centuries-old oak trees and a collection of sculptures.

Located near the park, visit State Historical Museum. this museum offers an excellent introduction to Kyrgyzstan's rich history and culture. Inside, you'll find over 80,000 artifacts and gain insight into the lives of ancient nomadic peoples. Exhibits include a full-scale Kyrgyz yurt and various handicrafts made from felt, leather, wood, and wool. You can also admire intricate traditional clothing, embroidery, and horse gear, and learn about the country's history during the Russian Empire and Soviet periods.

Osh Bazaar is yourlast stop. Experience local life and browse everything from fresh produce, spices, and dried fruits to traditional clothing, handicrafts, and carpets.

After the tour, your group will be transferred back to your hotel in Bishkek.

Ala Too Square

Oak Park

Osh Bazaar

State Historical Museum

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Bishkek

After breakfast, your journey will take your group east from Bishkek towards Issyk-Kul, the world's second-largest high-altitude lake. The total drive today will be 4-5 hours (about 280km).

En route, you'll visit the Burana Tower. This historic site, originally built in the 11th century, was once part of Balasagun, the ancient capital of the Kara-Khanid Khanate. You can climb to the top of the tower to get a spectacular view of the surrounding ruins and the distant snow-capped mountains. On the ground, you can walk among the Balbals, stone figures that are medieval Turkic nomadic gravestones, offering a fascinating glimpse into the region's ancient past.

Afterward, continue your drive to Cholpon-Ata (3-hour drive), on the northern shore of Issyk-Kul. We’ll help your group check into your hotel, and the rest of the day will be yours to relax and enjoy the beautiful lake.

Issyk-Kul is the "Pearl of Central Asia"! The lake's name means "warm lake" in Kyrgyz, as its saltwater composition keeps it from freezing even at an altitude of 1,607 meters. Its crystal-clear waters give you the feeling of being on the seashore.

Ideas for Free Time at Issyk-Kul Lake:

Based on your likes, you can explore Issyk-Kul Lake on your way. (1) Relax or Swim: Head to the golden sandy beaches to sunbathe or swim in the warm, clear water. (2) Take a Boat Trip: Go to the pier and take a boat out onto the lake to admire the magnificent views of the surrounding snow-capped mountains.

Burana Tower

Issyk Kul Lake

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Cholpon-Ata

This morning, enjoy a leisurely breakfast at your hotel while taking in the serene views of Lake Issyk-Kul. After some free time to relax in Cholpon-Ata, your group will visit the Petroglyphs Museum (called Open-Air Museum or Rock Garden), a vast 42-hectare site framed by the majestic Tianshan Mountains. Exploring this open-air gallery feels like a treasure hunt - follow the main trails to discover the most concentrated and well-preserved rock carvings.

Here, thousands of ancient petroglyphs are etched onto large black basalt stones, dating from the 2nd millennium BC to the 4th century AD. The carvings vividly depict animals such as wolves and snow leopards, as well as hunting scenes and ancient rituals, offering a fascinating glimpse into the beliefs of early nomadic peoples.

After your visit, you’ll travel back to Bishkek (about 302 km, 4-5-hour drive). Stay overnight in Bishkek.

Petroglyphs Museum

Grigorievskoye Canyon

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Bishkek

In this morning, your group will have more time to explore the surroundings of Bishkek for breathtaking natural views. Be transferred to Ala-Archa National Park (30 km, 40 minutes to an hour), located southwest of Bishkek. Known as Bishkek's "backyard park," this alpine park in the Tian Shan Mountains offers scenery reminiscent of Switzerland. Majestic snow-capped peaks, blue skies, dense pine forests, alpine meadows, and picturesque river valleys. It's great for light hiking. You can follow the river to enjoy a memorable time here. Keep an eye out for animals like squirrels, red deer, wild goats, or even snow leopard (rare to see)! (Route Tip: There are three hiking routes to choose, we suggest you the easy one follow the riverbank for scenic views).

After the tour, your group will be escorted to the airport in Bishkek for your flight to Tashkent (about 1 hr 20 mins).

Welcome to Tashkent, Uzbekistan’s vibrant capital and largest city! This modern metropolis is the perfect gateway to the country’s Silk Road wonders, seamlessly blending Soviet-era grandeur with contemporary spirit.

Upon landing at Tashkent International Airport, your local driver will meet you at the arrival gate. From there, transfer to your downtown hotel, and check in your hotel. (Tip: the airport is located just about 7 km southeast of the city center, a quick and easy transfer.)

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Tashkent

After breakfast, your group will have a full day to explore Tashkent, Uzbekistan’s vibrant capital. You’ll get a first impression of this country.

Begin your day in the Old City at the Khast-Imam Complex, the spiritual heart of Tashkent. This serene ensemble of blue-domed mosques, mausoleums, and madrasahs invites you to step back in time. Here you’ll find the elegant Hazrati Imam Mosque, whose twin 53-meter minarets and gold-leafed domes dominate the square, as well as the Tillya Sheikh Mosque, Barak Khan Madrasah, and the Mausoleum of Abu Bakr Kaffal Shashi, a 10th-century scholar, poet, and locksmith-saint after whom the complex is named. Be sure to visit the Mui Muborak Library, home to the revered 7th-century Osman Qur’an - one of the world’s oldest copies.

After soaking up the complex’s peaceful atmosphere, stroll through Barak Khan Madrasah, now home to artisan workshops and boutiques. Watch local masters create ikat fabrics, woodcarvings, pottery, and jewelry, giving you a chance to bring home a unique handmade souvenir.

Continue your immersion in local culture with a visit to Chorsu Bazaar, Tashkent’s largest and most iconic marketplace. Beneath its turquoise dome, vendors sell colorful spices, dried fruits, fresh bread still warm from the tandoor, and vibrant handicrafts. Sample street food, chat with friendly locals, and experience the daily rhythm of Tashkent life.

Next, explore the State Museum of Applied Arts, where more than 7,000 exhibits showcase Uzbekistan’s finest craftsmanship from the 19th century to today. Admire intricate gold embroidery, suzani textiles, ceramics, jewelry, carpets, and woodcarvings, gaining a deeper appreciation for the country’s artistic traditions.

In the afternoon, descend underground for a ride on the Tashkent Metro - an experience in itself. As the first subway system in Central Asia, it is a living museum of Soviet architecture and Uzbek decorative art. Each station is uniquely designed, from Kosmonavtlar with its cosmonaut-themed mosaics to Paxtakor with cotton motifs.

Emerge at Amir Timur Square, the heart of modern Tashkent. Surrounded by landmarks such as Hotel Uzbekistan, the Palace of International Forums, and the University of Law, the square is anchored by a bronze equestrian statue of Amir Timur, the great Central Asian conqueror and founder of the Timurid Empire. Take time to relax by the fountains, stroll through the green spaces, and - if time allows - visit the Amir Timur Museum (closed Mondays), whose striking dome is depicted on the 1,000-som banknote. Inside, discover fascinating exhibits on Timur’s life and legacy.

After the tour, be escorted back to the hotel in Tashkent.

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Tashkent

Begin your day with a morning flight to Urgench International Airport, followed by a short 36 km transfer to Khiva, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The contrast is striking: leaving behind modern Tashkent, the Silk Road’s gateway, you step into a city that feels frozen in time. Once a thriving Silk Road hub in the 16th century, Khiva blended Persian, Turkic, and Russian influences, becoming a safe haven for traders and scholars.

“I would offer a bag of gold merely to catch a glimpse of Khiva.” This well-known Central Asian saying perfectly captures the city’s legendary allure. Khiva is a living “open-air museum,” a place where stepping through its gates feels like traveling back to the medieval era.

The highlight of Khiva is Itchan Kala, the perfectly preserved inner-walled city of the Khwarezm Empire (10th-17th centuries). Enclosed by 10-meter-high mud-brick walls, this UNESCO World Heritage site covers just 26 hectares and is home to about 2,000 residents. All its treasures - palaces, mosques, madrasahs, minarets, and mausoleums - lie within a walkable 1-kilometer radius, making it easy to explore on foot in half a day.

After breakfast, follow your guide through the Ata Darvaza (West Gate) to begin your journey through Khiva’s most iconic landmarks. Admire the turquoise-glazed Kalta Minor Minaret (the “Short Minaret”) and the nearby Muhammad Amin Khan Madrasah, the largest in Khiva. Continue to the peaceful Sayid Allauddin Mausoleum (14th century) and the Pakhlavan Makhmud Mausoleum, the holiest site in Khiva with its striking turquoise domes.

Climb (optional, self-pay) the Islam Khoja Minaret - at 57 meters tall, it offers breathtaking panoramic views over the city. Step into the Juma Mosque (Friday Mosque) with its mesmerizing forest of 218 wooden columns, and admire the intricate tilework at Allakuli Khan Madrasah. Explore the elegant Tosh Hovli Palace (Stone Palace) with its harem quarters and mirrored halls, and visit the Mohammed Rakhim Khan Madrasa for a glimpse of Khiva’s cultural history.

Also, explore Kuhna Ark (Old Fortress), a 17th-century citadel where you can see the khans’ harem, mint, stables, arsenal, mosque, and jail. If time permits, walk along the Itchan Kala walls (self-pay) for unforgettable panoramic views - a perfect spot to watch the sunset over Khiva’s timeless skyline. (Fun fact: Itchan Kala is featured on the 100,000 Uzbekistani som banknote!)

This evening, you will stay in Khiva.

Kalta Minor Minaret, Itchan Kala

Islam Khoja Minaret, Itchan Kala

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Khiva

After breakfast, you will be transferred from Khiva to the border area with Turkmenistan, which is about 1-hour drive.

Then, your group will cross the border into Turkmenistan via the Shavat-Dashoguz Border Point. Upon arrival at the Turkmen side, your local guide and driver will meet you and accompany you for the day’s journey ahead.

Border Crossing Tip:

The border connects Shavat (Khorezm region, Uzbekistan) with Dashoguz (Dashoguz province, Turkmenistan), and is the main land route for travelers heading toward Darvaza. Customs and immigration procedures typically take around 40-50 minutes when entering Turkmenistan, and about 20 minutes when exiting Uzbekistan.

After passing the border, drive south through the vast Karakum Desert to Darvaza Gas Crater (276 km, about 5 hours). You've now arrived at the "Door to Hell"!

The crater was formed in 1971 when Soviet geologists were drilling for natural gas. The ground beneath their rig collapsed, leaving a large hole with a diameter of 60 meters and a depth of 20 meters. To prevent the release of poisonous gas, they decided to light it on fire, hoping it would burn itself out in a few days. The gas, however, is still burning today.

At daylight, the crater may seem like an ordinary hole in the ground, with a slight haze of smoke. We'll take a walk around the site while our barbecue dinner is being prepared. As dusk falls, the simple hole transforms into a spectacular "fire temple," creating an otherworldly atmosphere that will ignite your imagination. We'll finish the day with a taste of delicious nomadic food, with the flickering lights of the "eternal" fire.

Stay overnight in a traditional yurt camp. (Note: The camp provides basic, shared outdoor washing and toilet facilities.)

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Darvaza Gas Crater

This morning, your group will enjoy picnic-style breakfast at Darvaza in the desert. Afterward, drive back through the vast Karakum Desert and get back to Ashgabat (about 4-5 hours).

Ashgabat, the capital, is a pure white world, truly unique. It has been recognized by the Guinness World Records as the city with the highest density of white marble buildings. More than 500 structures are decorated with shining marble. Your driver will take you on a ride through these white giants, making you feel as if you’ve entered film-like world, similar to The Truman Show. Today, begin your adventure in Ashgabat.

In this afternoon, your group will have more time to explore this white marble city. Head to the Ertugrul Gazi Mosque. Built in the 1990s as a gift from the Turkish government, this magnificent mosque was constructed entirely in the style of the Ottoman Empire, and its exterior is very similar to Istanbul's famous Blue Mosque. Upon arrival, you'll be struck by its four towering minarets and a magnificent central dome, all built from solemn white marble. Once inside, you'll be amazed by the opulent decoration, including delicate gilded carvings, intricate mosaic tiles, and huge crystal chandeliers, creating sacred and serene atmosphere.

Later, you'll have a chance to explore the Horse Stables to see the national pride of the Turkmen people, the Akhal-Teke horses, revered as some of the most beautiful horses in the world. Known as "heavenly horses," their most prominent feature is their metallic sheen.

You can also visit Gulistan Bazaar to experience vivid local life as you explore stalls filled with fresh fruits, vegetables, spices, and daily necessities or even Turkmen carpet. Feel free to try some local food here if you like.

Stay overnight in Ashgabat.

Darvaza Gas Crater

Darvaza Gas Crater

Ahal Teke Horse

Ertugrul Gazi Mosque

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Ashgabat

After breakfast, your group will embark on a city tour of Ashgabat, the dazzling capital often called the “White City” for its grand, marble-clad architecture. As you drive through the city, admire some of its most striking landmarks, including the Wedding Palace, the Wheel of Fortune, and other impressive modern monuments. Make a brief stop at the Alem Cultural and Entertainment Center, home to the world’s largest indoor Ferris wheel, and the Palace of Happiness, an iconic building designed as an eight-pointed star encircling a globe.

After seeing the architecture marvels, enjoy your city walk exploration. Begin at the Neutrality Monument, a striking 75-meter-high, tripod-shaped arch built in 1998 to symbolize Turkmenistan’s permanent neutrality and its commitment to peace and goodwill. From its viewing platform, enjoy sweeping panoramas of the capital.

Continue to the National Museum of Turkmenistan, one of Central Asia’s finest museums. Its white-marble exterior, crowned by a brilliant blue dome and golden statues, is as impressive as the treasures inside. With over 500,000 artifacts on display, you’ll discover archaeological finds from legendary Silk Road sites like Nisa, Merv, and Gonur Depe. Admire coins, weapons, pottery, and exquisite gold jewelry, along with traditional clothing that tells the story of Turkmen heritage. Don’t miss the museum’s star exhibits - the ancient rhytons, ceremonial drinking vessels of extraordinary beauty.

Next, stroll through Independence Park, home to statues of poets, philosophers, and national heroes, and marvel at the soaring Independence Monument, a 118-meter masterpiece built to commemorate Turkmenistan’s independence in 1991.

After the city tour, you’ll set off on a scenic drive to Mary, located about 360 km southeast of Ashgabat (3.5-4 hours by road). The journey takes you along the edge of the vast Karakum Desert, offering striking views of its rolling dunes and arid landscapes. As you approach Mary, the scenery begins to change - the desert gradually gives way to the fertile Mary Oasis, a region known for its cotton fields and natural gas production. Along the way, you’ll notice more greenery and cultivated farmland.

Arrive in Mary and check into your hotel here. Your group will have a good rest tonight.

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Mary

After breakfast, your group will be driven from Mary city to Ancient Merv, located 33km northeast of Mary. This UNESCO World Heritage site is the oldest and best-preserved of the oasis-cities along the Silk Route in Central Asia. It has spanned over 4,000 years’ history. During the medieval period, its population exceeded one million, making it one of the largest cities in the world. It was known as the "Queen of the World" and the "Jewel of the Silk Road."

Within the vast 1,200-hectare archaeological park, you'll have the chance to observe all the constituent parts of this "wandering city." The site consists of a series of adjacent cities, roughly divided into the ancient (Erk Kala and Gyaur Kala), the medieval (Sultan Kala), and the post-medieval (Abdulla-Khan Kala and Bayram-Ali-Khan Kala). Besides these remnants, you'll also visit the 6th-9th century AD forts of Big and Little Kyz-Kalas, which are excellent examples of the so-called "corrugated Koshks." You'll also explore the splendid 12th-century mausoleums of Sultan Sanjar and Muhammed ibn-Zeyd, which demonstrate exquisite Seljuk-period brickwork and architectural décor.

This afternoon, depart Merv for the Farap border crossing on the Turkmenistan-Uzbekistan frontier, located northeast of Merv (about 239 km, 5-6 hours’ drive).

After completing customs and passport control on both sides of the border, proceed to the exit of the border control area, where your Uzbekistan guide/driver will be waiting to greet your group.

From here, continue your journey to Bukhara (about 123 km, 2 hours). Upon arrival in Bukhara, check in to your hotel and enjoy good rest before tomorrow’s exploration of this legendary Silk Road city.

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Bhuhara

Today, follow our guide to fully explore Bukhara, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most atmospheric cities along the Silk Road. Often called the “Second Mecca,” Bukhara has been a center of Islamic learning for centuries and is famous for its 2,500-year-old history as a Silk Road hub, from the era of the Samanids to the Timurids. This legendary city is also tied to the tales of One Thousand and One Nights and is the home of the beloved folk character Afandi.

Bukhara is wonderfully walkable - most of its landmarks are within a compact 6 km stretch - making it easy to immerse yourself in its living history, lively bazaars, and warm local atmosphere.

Your exploration begins at Chor Minor Madrasah, the four-towered gem that once graced the cover of Lonely Planet Central Asia. Built in 1807 by the wealthy merchant Khalif Niyazkul, its four unique minarets are believed to represent the four major religions of the world, with decorations that some interpret as Buddhist prayer wheels, Christian crosses, Zoroastrian motifs, and Islamic patterns. This charming structure is all that remains of a once-grand madrasa complex.

Continue to Lyabi Hauz Ensemble, the beating heart of Bukhara since the 17th century. Built around a peaceful pool shaded by mulberry trees, this square was once a lively Silk Road trading hub. Its three surrounding monuments - the Nadir Divan-Beghi Madrasah, the Nadir Divan-Beghi Khanaka (Sufi hospice), and the Kukeldash Madrasah - are masterpieces of Central Asian architecture. Today, Lyabi Hauz remains the social center of the city, lined with cafes where locals sip tea and travelers watch the world go by. Don’t miss the playful statue of Khodja Nasreddin (Afandi), the wise fool of Sufi legend, riding his donkey.

Nearby is the Magoki Attori Mosque, Bukhara’s oldest surviving mosque, dating back to the 9th–10th centuries. Situated 4.5 meters below ground level, this mosque is a true archaeological wonder, displaying ancient brickwork and terracotta ornamentation. It now houses a small carpet museum (admission self-pay).

From there, stroll through Bukhara’s famous Trading Domes, a network of 16th-century domed bazaars - Toki-Zargaron, Toki-Sarrofon, Telpak-Furushon, and Tim Abdullah Khan. Once bustling hubs for jewelers, money changers, and silk merchants, they still sell traditional crafts, carpets, and souvenirs, allowing you to experience Bukhara’s mercantile spirit firsthand.

Next, reach the Po-i-Kalyan Complex, the iconic centerpiece of Bukhara’s skyline. Here you will admire the 47-meter-high Kalyan Minaret - so magnificent that Genghis Khan spared it from destruction. The adjacent Kalyan Mosque, with its 288 domes and capacity for 10,000 worshippers, and the Mir-i-Arab Madrasah, with its turquoise domes and active Islamic school, together form one of Central Asia’s most stunning architectural ensembles.

Your final stops are the Ark of Bukhara, the ancient fortress that served as the royal residence for centuries, and the nearby Bolo Hauz Mosque, known as the “Mosque of Forty Columns” for its 20 exquisitely carved wooden pillars reflected in the pool in front. Inside the Ark, explore its throne room, coronation mosque, and museums, or climb to the top for sweeping views over the city.

Optional sunset tip: For an unforgettable end to your day, watch the sunset from the Ark’s walls or a rooftop near Po-i-Kalyan. As the minarets glow golden and the call to prayer echoes across the old city, Bukhara feels truly timeless.

Chor Minor Madrasah, Bukhara

Lyabi Hauz Ensemble, Bukhara

Tim Abdulla-Khan, Trading Domes Bukhara

Poi Kalon Square, Bukhara

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Bukhara

After breakfast, your group will depart from Bukhara and journey toward Samarkand, making a stop in Shakhrisabz - the birthplace of the legendary conqueror Amir Timur (Tamerlane).

The drive from Bukhara to Shakhrisabz (about 264 km, 4-5 hours) begins across the flat desert plains and gradually transitions into rolling hills and fertile valleys, where you’ll see orchards and fields that paint a vivid picture of rural Uzbekistan.

Shakhrisabz, inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000 for its Historic Centre, was once Timur’s second capital and a thriving political and cultural hub during the 14th-15th centuries. As you explore the city, you’ll gain insight into the early life of this great ruler and the architectural grandeur that marked his empire.

Upon arrival in Shakhrisabz, explore the Ruins of Ak-Saray Palace, Timur’s grand summer residence. Although only fragments of the monumental gateway remain, its scale is awe-inspiring - its soaring arch once stood over 40 meters high, richly decorated with blue-glazed tiles that hint at its former glory.

Continue to the Dorut Tilovat Complex, a serene ensemble of religious buildings where Timur’s spiritual mentor, Sheikh Shamsiddin Kulol, is buried. Admire the intricately tiled Kok Gumbaz Mosque, known as the “Blue Dome,” built by Timur’s grandson Ulugh Beg.

Then, visit the Dorus Saodat Complex, Timur’s intended dynastic mausoleum. Walk through its tranquil courtyards and see the crypt believed to have been prepared for Timur himself, a place of great historical significance.

After your visit, continue the scenic drive to Samarkand (92 km, about 1.5-2 hours), arriving in the late afternoon or evening. Check in and enjoy a good stay in this legendary Silk Road city.

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Today, immerse yourself in Samarkand, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the former capital of the Timurid Empire (14th–15th centuries). Known as Uzbekistan’s cultural heart and second-largest city, Samarkand dazzles visitors with its monumental architecture, Silk Road legends, and vibrant bazaars. From the majestic Gur-e Amir Mausoleum to the iconic Registan Square, the grand Bibi Khanim Mosque, the breathtaking Shahi Zinda Necropolis, and the lively Siyab Bazaar, you will discover a city that celebrates the glory and power of the Timurid dynasty.

Begin at Gur-e Amir Mausoleum, the final resting place of Amir Timur (Tamerlane), completed in 1404. This striking monument, crowned with a ribbed azure dome, served as a prototype for later Mughal architecture, including India’s Taj Mahal. Step inside to marvel at its gilded interior, intricate jade tombstones, and delicate calligraphy. Look for Timur’s legendary grave marker, said to carry a warning: “Whosoever disturbs my tomb will unleash an invader more terrible than I.” When Soviet archaeologists opened the tomb in June 1941, Nazi Germany invaded the USSR days later - a story that adds an air of mystery to your visit.

Next, head to Registan Square, the heart of Samarkand and one of the Silk Road’s most magnificent sights. Once a sandy gathering place for royal decrees, military parades, and festivals, it is now flanked by three resplendent madrasahs: Ulugh Beg Madrasa (1420), with its starry celestial mosaics; Sher-Dor Madrasa (1619), famed for its unique lion mosaics; and Tilya-Kori Madrasa (1660), with a dazzling gold-leaf dome that graces the cover of many guidebooks. By day, Registan is a masterpiece of symmetry and tilework; by night, it transforms under magical illuminations - a perfect spot for photography.

Continue to the monumental Bibi Khanim Mosque, one of the largest in the Islamic world. Built in 1404 to honor Timur’s wife, the mosque is steeped in legend - including the tale of the architect who dared to kiss Bibi Khanim and met Timur’s wrath. Step inside to admire gilded decorations inspired by local embroidery traditions.

Right nearby lies Siyab Bazaar, where you can sample Samarkand’s famous round bread, dried fruits, and spices while mingling with locals - a lively reminder that Samarkand was once a key Silk Road trading hub.

End your day with a stroll through Shahi Zinda Necropolis, an extraordinary “avenue of mausoleums” climbing a hillside. This necropolis, dating from the 11th to 15th centuries, contains some of the finest examples of Timurid-era tilework and the tombs of Timur’s female relatives and high-ranking nobles. The site is also believed to house the grave of Qutham ibn Abbas, cousin of Prophet Muhammad, making it a revered pilgrimage site. With its brilliant turquoise domes and intricate mosaics, Shahi Zinda is not just a spiritual landmark but also one of Samarkand’s most photogenic spots.

Gur-e Amir Mausoleum, Samarkand

Registan Square, Samarkand

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Samarkand

This morning, your journey begins with a transfer from your hotel in Samarkand to the Uzbekistan-Tajikistan border at Jartepa (50 km, about 1 hour). Upon arrival, you’ll proceed through customs and passport control on both sides. Once formalities are complete, simply walk to the exit of the border control area, where your Tajik guide and driver will be waiting to warmly welcome you.

From here, a short drive will take you to the Penjikent area, the gateway to a realxing hiking adventure. Prepare to explore Tajikistan’s legendary Seven Lakes, locally known as Haftkul or the Marguzor Lakes. These seven stunning, glacier-fed lakes cascade down the valley, connected by a single river, resembling a sparkling necklace draped across the landscape. Each lake boasts its own unique color and charm, offering breathtaking views and a serene escape into nature.

Your journey begins with a bumpy but scenic drive into the mountains. Though the Seven Lakes are not far from Penjikent, the rugged road makes this a full-day trip. As you travel deeper into the valley, you’ll pass the first five lakes - Nejigon, Soya, Gushor, Nofin, and Khurdak - each with its own distinct color, ranging from pale green to vivid turquoise and deep blue. It’s like nature’s own painter’s palette.

Light Hike from the Sixth to the Seventh of the Seven Lakes:

You’ll reach Marguzor, the sixth and largest lake, a dazzling expanse of sapphire water framed by dramatic peaks. From here, take an easy two-hour round-trip hike to Hazorchashma, the seventh and highest lake, whose name means “A Thousand Springs.” The water here is crystal clear, and the surrounding atmosphere feels serene and untouched.

Enjoy a picnic by the lakeshore, soak in the alpine views, and perhaps take a short stroll through the nearby villages to experience the simple, authentic rhythm of Tajik mountain life.

After the tour, your group will be transferred to Penjikent for accommodation.

Travel Note: As you head deeper into the Fann Mountains, expect simpler tourist infrastructure. Tonight, you will stay in the best available local hotel, but with more basic amenities compared to the big cities. Consider this part of the adventure and a chance to experience authentic Tajik hospitality.

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Penjikent

After breakfast, you will have enough time to explore Penjikent. Known as the “Pompeii of Central Asia,” Penjikent was once a major center of the ancient Sogdian civilization. Between the 5th and 8th centuries, this city thrived as a cultural and commercial hub on the Silk Road. The Sogdians were known as the “soul of the Silk Road,” dominating trade across Eurasia - from Chinese silk to Western glassware and Indian spices.

Start with the Rudaki Museum, home to thousands of artifacts unearthed from local excavations - pottery, coins, sculptures, and tools - which vividly depict the Sogdian way of life. Here you’ll discover their art, clothing, mythology, and even scenes of feasts and rituals.

Next, visit the Ancient Penjikent Ruins, the remarkably preserved remains of a complete 5th-8th century Sogdian city. As you walk among the mud-brick foundations of palaces, residential quarters, temples, and fortifications, you can clearly visualize the city’s original layout and imagine the bustling life of the Silk Road era.

In the afternoon, your group will cross border into Uzbekistan and transfer to Samarkand for overnight.

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After breakfast, it’s time to conclude your 18-day Central Asia group tour. Our local driver in Samarkand will escort you to the airport or train station for your departure to your next destination.

Travel Tip: Please share your flight or train details with us in advance so we can arrange your transfer smoothly.

Additional Transfer Service (Extra Fee Required): If you need transfer services from Samarkand to Tashkent, please let us know in advance. While the tour officially ends in Samarkand (as it has its own airport and train station), we’ll be happy to help you book train tickets to Tashkent and arrange transfers in Tashkent.

Thank you for choosing Asia Odyssey Travel for your 5 Stans tour. We look forward to welcoming you back for your next adventure!

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