6 Days Classic Uzbekistan Tour: Tashkent, Bukhara, and Samarkand

Welcome to Tashkent, Uzbekistan’s vibrant capital and largest city! It's the perfect gateway to the country's Silk Road wonders, blending Soviet grandeur with modern charm. Your journey awaits: explore the Soviet-era metro, bustling bazaars, and iconic mosques, and be sure to savor Plov, the National Dish.

Upon your arrival at Tashkent International Airport, your guide will greet you with a sign bearing your name at the arrivals gate. From there, it's about a one-hour drive to the downtown area to begin exploring Old and New Tashkent.

You will visit the Khast-Imam Complex, the spiritual heart of Tashkent’s Old City. This 15th-century Islamic ensemble blends ancient mausoleums, madrasas, and mosques. You can explore Hazrati Imam Mosque (built in 2007 by Uzbekistan’s first president), Tillya Sheikh Mosque, Barak Khan Madrasah, Mausoleum of Saint Abu Bakr Kaffal Shashi, Imam Al Bukhari Islamic Institute (where future preachers are taught), and Mui Muborak Library (home to the 15th-century Osman Qur’an, one of Islam’s oldest copies).

The Hazrat Imam Mosque has a pair of 53 m high minarets and two domes set in front of the square. The domes are covered with gold leaf from the inside, and the round hall at the entrance is decorated with sandalwood columns.

You can also explore Barak-Khan Madrasah. The teal-domed parts of the complex were originally a “Nameless” Mausoleum, later converted into a madrassah, under the rule of Barak Khan, who ruled the Golden Horde from 1423 to 1429. Today, the madrassah is filled with workshops and small stores producing and selling ikat fabrics, jewelry, woodcarvings, and pottery.

You can visit Mausoleum of Saint Abu Bakr Kaffal Shashi, the final resting place of Hazrati Imam or Abubakr Muhammad Kaffal Shashi (the first Imam of Tashkent City). This 10th-century imam was also a scientist, poet, craftsman, and scholar of the Koran. According to legend, he received the nickname of Kaffal (“locksmith”) after the wonderful locks he built, each of which had a key weighing three pounds.

Located in the Old City, Hazrati Imam Complex (Khast-Imam Complex) is an oasis of intricate blue domes, towering minarets, quiet gardens, and vibrant tile work, offering a serene and beautiful cultural experience.

Next, journey into the soul of Old Tashkent at Chorsu Bazaar, the city’s largest market. This iconic blue-domed market overflows with vibrant spices, traditional crafts, fresh bread, and dried fruits. Experience vibrant culture, delicious street food, and a unique atmosphere in this lively hub.

To learn about the history of Uzbek craft art and see its masterpieces, simply visit the State Museum of Applied Arts. Established in 1927, the museum's collection contains more than 7,000 of the best works by masters from the early 19th century to the present day. These include ceramics, jewelry, gold embroidery, national clothing, suzans, carpets, skullcaps, miniatures and paintings on wood, porcelain, musical instruments...

After that, it is time to experience the Tashkent Metro. More than a transit system, it is a magnificent underground art gallery. As Central Asia's first subway, it has been blending Soviet grandeur with Uzbek artistry since 1977. From mosaic-clad stations like Kosmonavtlar (cosmonaut murals) to Paxtakor (cotton motifs), you can admire stunning Soviet-era architecture, chandeliers, and intricate mosaics on a unique and beautiful journey through the city.

You can exit Amir Temur Metro Station to explore Modern Tashkent, beginning at Amir Timur Square, a central city landmark. The square is surrounded by notable buildings, Hotel Uzbekistan, Amir Timur Museum, Independence Square, University of Law, the well-known Tashkent Chime, and the Palace of International Forum, one of the most grandiose architectural structures in Tashkent.

The centerpiece of Amir Temur Square is the bronze statue of Amir Temur on horseback, the founder of the Timurid Empire. You can also explore the surrounding green spaces and fountains, and visit the nearby museum to delve deeper into the history of one of Uzbekistan’s greatest figures.

Optional: (If time permits)
Amir Timur Museum (Closed on Mondays; Self-pay; 10:00-18:00): The exterior of the museum is featured on the 1,000 Uzbekistani som banknote.

Free Time Ideas:
1.Independence Square: Tashkent’s largest plaza symbolizing freedom. Stroll through its lush gardens, admire stunning fountains, visit Independence Monument & Eternal Flame, which honor Uzbekistan’s history, culture & sovereignty.
2.Alisher Navoiy Theater (Self-pay): Experience Tashkent's cultural heartbeat. Watch world-class concerts, operas, or ballets in ornate halls, which are lavishly adorned with mosaic domes and gold leaf. Tickets are also very affordable.
3.Magic City Park (Little Disneyland; 10:00-22:00): Enchanting fairy-tale architecture, dazzling light shows, and musical fountains. Perfect for photos, shopping, and dining. No need to pay an entrance fee, but you will pay for each activity separately.

Arrival Ideas:
1. For Flights: Fly into Tashkent International Airport (TAS), served by Uzbekistan Airways, Turkish Airlines, Lufthansa, and others (direct flights from Moscow, Dubai, Istanbul, Seoul, Beijing). Double check the flights with Asia Odyssey Travel.
2.For Visas:Over 60 nationalities enjoy visa-free entry, and a simple e-visa is available for others online. Confirm entry rules via Uzbekistan’s e-visa portal pre-travel. Ensure your passport has at least six months' validity for a smooth entry process.

Take a morning train to explore Bukhara, a UNESCO site. Referred to as the "Second Mecca", Bukhara is famous as a 2,500-year-old Silk Road Hub (Samanids to Timurids) and a center for Islamic scholarship. It is also the legendary home of Afandi & is an ancient city tied with the One Thousand and One Nights.

Bukhara is a medium-sized city & nearly all monuments are within walking distance. From Chor Minor to Lyabi Khause Square, Trading Domes, and Kalyan Minaret, it is an over 5 km city walk. Ready to get lost in its living history, friendly locals, and vibrant bazaars!

When you arrive in Bukhara, you'll transfer to Chor Minor Madrasah, the Lonely Planet Central Asia cover star. "Chor Minor" means "four minarets" in Persian. The four minarets were built in 1807 by the wealthy Turkmen merchant Khalif Niyazkul for his four daughters. Each of the towers has a unique decoration. Some people believe that the four different designs reflect the world’s four religions. You may see clear images of Buddhist prayer wheels, Christian crosses, Zoroastrian motifs, or Islamic motifs. It is said that the surviving four-tower structure is part of the gateway from a once-existing madrasah complex.

Next, head to the Lyabi Hauz Ensemble (Lyabi Khause Square), Bukhara’s vibrant 17th-century heart. It was a trade square built around a pool dug in 1620 and shaded by ancient mulberry trees. “Lyabi-Hauz” in Persian means "by the pool." The ensemble’s large artificial pool (42 m long, 36 m wide, and 5 m deep) is surrounded on three sides by three majestic buildings: the Nadir Divan-Beghi Madrasah (built in 1622; famous for two birds carrying deer toward a "man-in-the-sun" mosaic motif; inspired by Sher-Dor Madrasa’s “Lion” mosaic motif in Samarkand Registan), the Nadir Divan-Beghi Khanaka (a Sufi hospice & monastery, also built in 1622), and the Kukeldash Madrasah (built in 1568). In ancient Bukhara, there were more than 80 such pools, which supplied the city with water. However, they were notorious for spreading disease and were mostly filled in during the 1920s and 1930s.

Built by Nadir Divan-begi (Grand Vizier/prime minister), Lyabi Hauz was once a bustling Silk Road trade hub. It is now alive with cafes and local life. People gather to enjoy tea, watch local craftsmen, and bask in the ambiance of Bukhara’s Silk Road legacy. Don't miss the charming statue of Khodja Nasreddin (Afandi), the wise fool of Sufi legend, riding his mischievous mule. Afandi is a beloved character in the folklore of the entire Muslim world.

After that, continue exploring Trading Domes, the iconic image of Bukhara. They are located on a central pedestrian route in the heart of Bukhara, from the Lyabi Hauz to the Po-i-Kalyan Complex. In the Middle Ages, Bukhara was a major hub on the Silk Road, leading to the proliferation of marketplaces and shops. Today, four main trading domes remain: a cluster of 16th-century domed bazaars (Toki-Zargaron, Toki-Sarrofon, Telpak-Furushon & Tim Abdullah Khan) that once thrived as hubs for jewelry, currency exchange, hats & carpets. Nowadays, you can see stalls selling traditional crafts, textiles, and souvenirs. Enjoy a glimpse into Bukhara’s mercantile past.

At last, you will reach Po-i-Kalyan Complex, the visual high point of the city’s skyline. At Poi Kalon Square, you will see three majestic structures built between the 12th and 16th centuries: the Kalyan Minaret, Kalyan Mosque & Mir-i Arab Madrasah. This breathtaking arrangement of minaret, mosque, and madrasa forms the spiritual and architectural heart of the old city, a perfect example of harmonious design.

The iconic Kalyan Minaret, which once guided Silk Road caravans, was built in 1127. Standing 47 meters tall, it earned the title "Tower of Death" due to ancient legends. During the siege of Bukhara in 1220, Genghis Khan was so mesmerized by this minaret that he spared it from destruction.

The Kalon Mosque (Great Mosque) is a vast hypostyle with 288 domes, capable of holding 10,000 worshippers. The Mir-i-Arab Madrasa is a top Islamic school with stunning turquoise domes and intricate tilework. Constructed with the profits from the sale of 3,000 Persian slaves, the madrasa combines Timurid architecture with active scholarship. Together, these buildings embody Silk Road grandeur—making the complex ideal for photos, history, and cultural immersion.

Free Time Idea:
Enjoy a sunset at the Ark of Bukhara. Climb to the top of its facade for a commanding panoramic view of Po-i-Kalyan Complex & the city.

This morning, go on an exploring of Bukhara, the Religious and Academic Capital of the Silk Road, to see its ancient mausoleums, fortress & mosque. In the afternoon, take a train to Samarkand, the Legendary Silk Road Crossroads founded 2,700 years ago.

First, pay a visit to the Ismail Samani Mausoleum, the oldest funerary building in Central Asian architecture. It's the 9th-10th-century resting place of the Samanid ruler Ismail Samani and is the only surviving monument from the Samanid era. Regarded as an iconic example of early Islamic architecture, you can admire its intricate brickwork, geometric patterns, and durable construction. You will notice the mausoleum draws elements from early Sogdian architecture (heavy corner buttresses) and Sassanid fire worship (circular brick suns & the canopy shape of sacred Zoroastrian temples). A quiet refuge in Samani Park, it reflects early Islamic artistry without excessive ornamentation.

Next, move to Chashma-Ayub Mausoleum to see the Spring of Holy Ayub. The mausoleum dates back to the 12th century (built by Karakhanid rulers) and features a tent-like Karakhanid-style roof. It consists of the mausoleum and a holy spring. Legend has it that the prophet Job struck his staff on the ground here, causing a spring to appear whose water then cured him of his many boils and ulcers. Today, it includes a Museum of Water about water management in Bukhara & a tap where pilgrims drink from the spring.

After that, head to explore the Ark of Bukhara (Ark Fortress), whose image was printed on Uzbekistan’s 2,000-som banknote. It is Bukhara’s ancient fortress, built the 5th c. AD, and rebuilt in the 16th–17th c. For centuries, it served as a royal town-within-a-town for Bukhara’s emirs. Its 11-meter-thick walls enclose museums, the 17th-century Coronation Mosque, a throne room, and prison cells. Outside, in front of the fortress, is medieval Bukhara’s main square, the Registan Square, a favourite venue for executions, including those of the British officers Stoddart and Conolly. Once a symbol of power, it now displays royal artifacts, weapons, and manuscripts. You can explore its labyrinthine chambers, climb the battlements for panoramic views of Bukhara, and learn about Bukhara’s medieval governance.

Located directly opposite the Ark of Bukhara, the Bolo Hauz Mosque (Mosque of the Forty Columns) is a stunning architectural gem. It is a royal mosque built in 1712, famed for its 20 intricately carved wooden pillars and their reflection in the adjacent "Forty Pillars" pond. Famous for its beautifully carved, brightly painted wooden columns and ornate ceiling, it once served as the emir’s Friday mosque. It is a peaceful spot to admire classic Uzbek artistry.

Then, transfer to Bukhara train station for an afternoon train ride to Samarkand. Over night in Samarkand.

Free Time Idea:
Registan Square of Samarkand (Evening View): golden-lit madrasahs, dazzling light shows, magical atmosphere - surreal history and beauty, ideal for photos.

Enjoy your time in Samarkand (World Heritage Site), the capital of the Timurid Empire (14th–15th centuries) & Uzbekistan’s Second-largest City. From Gur Emir Mausoleum (tomb of Timur) to Registan Square (Central Asia’s most famous), Bibi Khanim Mosque (commemorate Timur's wife), Shahi Zinda Necropolis (an open-air art gallery), and Siyab Bazaar (for plov & bread), you will find that its atmosphere is centered around memorial architecture of breathtaking scale & beauty, reflecting the glory and power of the Timurid Dynasty.

Start with a visit to Gur-e Amir Mausoleumof the Mongol Conqueror Amir Timur. Completed in 1404, it was originally intended to be the tomb of Timur’s grandson, but after Timur died in 1405, he was interred there as well, along with other members of his family. The mausoleum dazzles with its majestic azure ribbed dome - a prototype for later Mughal architecture, including India’s Taj Mahal. Inside, marvel at the lavish gold-leaf interior, intricate jade tombstones, and ornate calligraphy adorning the walls.

You can look for the inscribed jade plaque marking Timur’s grave - a sacred site shrouded in legend and power. Legend has it that there was a warning against opening the grave, stating, “Whosoever disturbs my tomb will unleash an invader more terrible than I”. However, Soviet archeologists did so on June 19, 1941, and a few days later, Nazi Germany attacked the USSR. When they reburied the remains in 1942, the victorious battle of Stalingrad began. The Soviet anthropologists confirmed Timur’s height (172 cm) and lameness, and the fact that Timur's grandson, Ulugh Beg, was assassinated.

The complex comprised a madrasah & a khanaka (prince’s residence), both facing the rectangular courtyard, as well as four minarets at the courtyard corners and an entrance portal. Now, only the foundations of the madrasah and khanaka, the entrance portal, and a part of one of four minarets remain.

Next, visit Registan Square, a must for experiencing the grandeur of Samarkand & the heart of the Silk Road. The word “Registan” means “Sandy Place” in Tajik. Many centuries ago, the area of this square was all sand. In ancient times, the square served as a meeting place for the governing people and the residents to publicly announce the khans' decrees, to gather the army, to perform executions of bandits, or to celebrate folk festivals.

Located in the heart of Samarkand, this square is also known for the three medieval schools: Ulugh Beg Madrasa (built in 1420; celestial mosaics), Tilya-kori Madrasa (built in 1660; gold-leafed dome; cover photo of the Lonely Planet Book, The Silk Road), and Sher-Dor Madrasa (built in 1619; lion mosaics on Uzbekistan’s 200-som banknote).

Built by Ulugh Beg, Timur's grandson & a scientist on the throne, the Ulugh Beg Madrasa offered not only Islamic education but also astronomy, geometry, philosophy, and the natural sciences. The Sher-Dor Madrasa is famous for the “Lion” mosaic motif on the front of the building. Sher-Dor means “possessing lions”. The Lion mosaic is unique to medieval Islamic historic buildings, since depicting animals and people is against Sharia.

By day, admire intricate tilework and soak in the grandeur of Registan Square; by night, be captivated by magical light shows that bring the madrasahs to life. A blend of history, art, and spectacle, it’s a journey through the Silk Road’s golden age. (PS: You can see Registan Square on the 50 Uzbekistani som banknote.)

After that, move to explore Bibi Khanim Mosque (built in 1404), one of the most ambitious architectural projects of the Timurid period. Legend says the mosque was built by the Timur's favorite wife, Bibi-Khanym, in honor of his return from India. The architect fell madly in love with her and refused to finish the job unless he could give her a kiss. The smooch left a mark, and Timur, on seeing it, executed the architect and decreed that women should henceforth wear veils. The interiors of the mosque contain gilding, imitating local brocade embroideries.

Right next to Bibi Khanim Mosque, Siyab Bazaar is a sensory delight. This bustling market is a perfect place to experience local life, find fresh fruits, nuts, spices, and famous Samarkand bread.

At last, time to enjoy a walk in Shahi Zinda Necropolis, a captivating " avenue of mausoleums" and an open-air art gallery. It is an 11th-15th c. "Living King" necropolis along a hillside path. Admire Timurid-era blue-tile masterpieces, including tombs of Timur’s family (women) members and high-ranking officials. Legend of Prophet Muhammad’s cousin’s tomb adds mystique. In recent years, Shah-i-Zinda has become not only a pilgrimage site but also a favorite destination for photography due to its beauty.

In the morning, explore more about Samarkand, the Silk Road gem. With a visit to the Ulugh Beg Observatory, Tomb of Sait Daniel, and Afrosiab Museum, you may see why it was the center of history, culture, and scientific contributions in the past. Then, head back to Tashkent by train.

The Ulugh Beg Observatory is a must-visit for history and astronomy enthusiasts. Built in the 1420s by the renowned Astronomer King Ulugh Beg (grandson of the emperor Timur), it was one of the most advanced observatories of its time. Destroyed in 1449 and rediscovered in 1908, the ruins reveal medieval Samarkand’s intellectual prowess. You should not miss the impressive sextant (11m long), used to calculate celestial positions with incredible accuracy. The on-site museum offers fascinating insights into Ulugh Beg’s contributions to science. Perched on a hill, the observatory combines breathtaking views of Samarkand with the legacy of a visionary astronomer.

Next, visit the Khodja Doniyor Mausoleum (Tomb of Sait Daniel), a sacred site revered by Muslims, Jews, and Christians alike. It houses the tomb of Prophet Daniel (under five domes), which stretches an astonishing 18 meters long due to a legend of the saint's remains growing over time. Timur brought Daniel’s relics here in the 15th century, creating a pilgrimage hub. This site, located on the banks of the Siab River, also features a sacred spring with healing properties, making it a peaceful and powerful place to reflect and witness the confluence of different faiths. It is a great spot to undestand Samarkand – the crossroads of cultures.

Before transferring to train station for Tashkent, it’s a great idea to conclude your Samarkand tour with a visit to the Afrosiab Museum. This museum, built atop Samarkand’s 2,500-year-old ruins, unveils the city’s ancient soul. Its crown jewel is the 7th-century Sogdian frescoes, notably the "Hall of Ambassadors" mural, depicting King Varkhuman receiving envoys from China, Persia, and beyond—a testament to Silk Road diplomacy. Artifacts like pottery, coins, and ossuaries trace eras from the Achaemenid to Timurid periods, while a scale model reconstructs the pre-Mongol metropolis. A must for history lovers to walk through a lost golden age.

Take a train ride to Tashkent for overnight.

It is time to end your unforgettable 6 Days Uzbekistan Tour. Your driver will ensure a smooth transfer to Tashkent International Airport for your departure flight.

Trip Extension: If you'd like to extend your adventures in Central Asia, consider exploring other notable regions like Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan, etc. Feel free to contact us to customize your extended itinerary.

Thank you for choosing Asia Odyssey Travel for your tour of Asia. We are dedicated to enhancing your travel experiences and look forward to welcoming you on your next adventure in Asia. Have a safe journey home!