26 Days Central Asia Tour: In-Depth Journey through the Five Stans

Welcome to Almaty, Kazakhstan’s Old Capital & Largest City! Upon your arrival at Almaty International Airport, your guide will greet you with a sign bearing your name at the arrivals gate. From there, it's about a 20 km drive to the downtown area. Enjoy your free time in Almaty.

Nestled at the foot of the majestic Trans-Ili Alatau mountain range, Almaty enchants travelers with its breathtaking natural setting, where snow-capped peaks are always in view. Known as the “Father of Apples” & “City of Apples”, it’s believed to be the genetic birthplace of modern apples. Spot whimsical apple art dotted all over Almaty - sweet, playful, and totally Instagram-worthy!

Once a pivotal city on the Silk Road, Almaty is celebrated for its relaxed, friendly vibe, making it a haven for hikers, foodies, and culture lovers. As Kazakhstan’s former capital (1929–1997), it retains a distinct Soviet-era charm, with leafy streets, grand avenues, and impressive cultural landmarks.

Almaty feels like a blend of European and Asian influences - clean, safe, and vibrant, with a multi-ethnic population of Kazakhs, Russians, Uyghurs, and Koreans. Be sure to try local delicacies like beshbarmak (a hearty meat and noodle dish) and shubat (fermented camel milk) for an authentic taste of nomadic heritage.

Free Time Ideas:
1.Almaty Metro Experience: It is a 18-meter-deep Soviet-era marvel. Ride affordable, scenic lines: Abay Station’s cultural murals, Zhibek Zholy’s art. See uniquely themed stations adorned with beautiful mosaics, murals & ornate chandeliers. It’s an artistic underground museum & a functional transit hub.
2.Abilkhan Kasteev State Art Museum: As the largest art museum in Kazakhstan, it showcases over 23,000 works from Kazakh folk art and renowned artists to Soviet-era masterpieces & European paintings. Must-sees include works by the museum's namesake, Abilkhan Kasteev, and a rich display of traditional Kazakh crafts.
3.Abay Opera House: Watch an evening performance (affordable) at one of Central Asia's oldest opera houses. It showcases world-class ballet & opera productions. Its elegant, Soviet-era architecture & grand interior provide a truly memorable cultural experience.
4.Night Life at Arbat Street: It is a vibrant pedestrian zone. Enjoy street performers, browse local art and crafts, and relax at one of its many cozy cafes. It's the perfect place to soak up the local culture.

Arrival Ideas:
1. For Flights: Almaty International Airport (ALA) is Kazakhstan’s busiest hub, offering direct flights from major cities like Istanbul, Dubai, Frankfurt, Seoul, Beijing, and Moscow. Check airlines like Lufthansa, Turkish Airlines, or Air Astana for the latest schedules and connections.
2.For Visas: Kazakhstan offers visa-free entry for citizens of over 80 countries, including the U.S., EU nations, the UK, Canada, Australia, and most of Asia. Others apply for an e-visa online - fast, simple, and ready for your adventure! Always confirm requirements with official government sources before your trip.

A full day exploring Almaty’s highlights! Today’s Almaty tour blends history, culture & nature: Central State Museum (history buffs’ paradise), Central Mosque (golden domes), Green Bazaar (food & local life), Panfilov Park (honor heroes), Zenkov Cathedral (wooden architecture), Folk Instruments Museum (Kazakh culture & musical tradition), Kok-Tobe Hill (panoramic views).

First, visit Central State Museum of Kazakhstan (Closed on Tuesdays), the landmark of Almaty. Designed by well-known architect Andrey Pavlochich Zenkov and constructed in 1904-1907, it is one of Central Asia's largest and oldest museums, which endured a strong earthquake in 1911. The museum has 3 floors with more than 200,000 exhibits spanning from the Stone Age to modern times, and it offers a deep dive into Kazakh history. Must-sees include the iconic Golden Man replica (4th-century BCE Saka armor; a national symbol of Kazakhstan), Mongol-era artifacts, and traditional nomadic costumes.

Then, pay a visit to the Central Mosque (Closed on Friday). The mosque has a capacity of up to 7,000 people, is one of the largest mosques in Kazakhstan. Minarets are located in the corners of the building, the domes of which are covered with real gold.

Nearby, the Green Bazaar (Zeleny Bazar), a 19th-century market, buzzes with local life and offers a wide array of snacks and souvenirs. Must-sees: vibrant stalls of spices, fruits (apples of different colors), and handmade crafts. Must-tries: juicy samsa (meat pies), tangy kurt (dried cheese), horse sausage (kazy), and delicious dairy treats.

In the afternoon, explore 28 Panfilov Guardsmen Park (Panfilov Park), a green oasis in Almaty. The park is named after Soviet General Ivan Panfilov, 28 soldiers are remembered for delaying the German advance into the Soviet capital of Moscow in 1941. "Great Russia, but nowhere to retreat. Moscow is behind us." These were the final words of political commissar Klochkov, a phrase that became legendary in Soviet history books. Stroll peaceful paths and honor the 28 WWII heroes at the solemn monument with an eternal flame. It shows us how hard war is and why we should care about peace.

Not far away, you’ll find the colorful Ascension Cathedral, also known as Zenkov Cathedral, in honor of its designer, the Russian architect Andrei Pavlovich Zenkov. This landmark inside Panfilov Park is one of the best photography spots in Almaty.

Completed in 1907, this Tsarist-era wooden building (56 meters tall) is the second-tallest wooden church in the world. As a prime example of a Russian Orthodox church built without a single nail, it remarkably survived the devastating 1911 earthquake (magnitude 7.7) with minimal damage.

During the Soviet period, the cathedral was used to house a museum and a radio tower. Today, it accommodates 1,800 people and hosts regular services. Must-sees include the vibrant interior murals, the intricate iconostasis, and the historic bell tower. Its peaceful ambiance makes it a perfect place for contemplation.

Nearby, you can visit the Kazakh Museum of Folk Musical Instruments (Closed on Mondays), which was once the House of Officers. The wooden Russian-style building, erected in 1908, was designed by the same architect as the cathedral, Andrei Pavlovich Zenkov.

Kazakhstan is a multi-ethnic country with a long and rich musical history. You can explore over 1,000 instruments here, including Kazakh national musical instruments like wooden harps, horns, bagpipes, the lute-like two-stringed dombra, and the viola-like kobyz. Some were once played by famous composers. You may get a chance to enjoy live performances and interactive exhibits that celebrate the soul of Kazakh music. It's a must for music lovers.

At last, time to reach Kok-Tobe Hill, a symbol of Almaty. With an elevation of 1,100 meters, the hill offers breathtaking views of Almaty city & the snow-capped Shymbulak Mountain (Tianshan Mountains). Ride the scenic cable car, visit the Beatles monument, and snap photos of the iconic TV tower (372 meters tall). Enjoy the amusement park (self-pay; Ferris wheel & mini-zoo), souvenir shops, and local dining. It’s perfect for photography (sunset), relaxation, and family fun amidst nature!

Overnight in Almaty.

Depart Almaty to explore the stunning Charyn Canyon (200 km; 3.5h). When reach Saty Village, transfer to visit the enchanting Kaindy Lake, known for its submerged forest and breathtaking scenery! Then, head back to Saty Village for overnight. (Today is about 330 km on road).

Charyn Canyon National Park, the second-largest canyon in the world, is a must-see destination near Almaty, offering a unique blend of natural beauty and adventure. The park’s 12-million-year-old sedimentary rock formations, carved by the Charyn River, tell a vivid story of Earth’s history - from prehistoric lake beds to ancient river systems.

Often called the "Grand Canyon of Central Asia", the Charyn Canyon is particularly famous for the Valley of Castles (Dolina Zamkov), a section of the canyon with towering, wind-sculpted rock formations that resemble mythical castles and spires. Explore the 2-3 km trail in the Valley of Castles, marveling at the towering cliffs, vibrant colors, and unique geological formations sculpted by wind and water. At the end of the main trail, the canyon floor opens up to the Charyn River. It's a peaceful spot for a rest and offers a different perspective on the canyon's scale. It is great to relax by the Charyn River with a packed lunch or snacks.

The Charyn Canyon National Park spans 154 km along the Charyn River, offering a mix of semi-deserts, lush greenery, and dense forests, with views of the snow-capped Tien Shan Mountains in the distance. You can even try your luck to spot some wildlife, such as foxes, hares, gerbils, eagles, pheasants, snakes and lizards. (What to bring: Comfortable walking shoes, sunscreen, a hat, water, snacks, and a camera.)

After that, head to Kaindy Lake (altitude: 2,000 m) via Saty Village. Nestled in Kolsay Lakes National Park, it is a must-visit for its surreal Sunken Forest, crystal-clear cobalt-blue waters, and dramatic alpine scenery. Formed by a landslide triggered by the 1911 earthquake, the lake submerged a forest of 400-year-old Schrenk’s spruce trees, leaving their skeletal trunks rising vertically from the water like ghostly masts.

Famed as a Lonely Planet "Top 20 Most Amazing Travel Destinations", its iconic feature is the Underwater Forest, where you can watch the perfectly preserved needles of the spruce trees below the waterline. Enjoy the lake’s striking color (from mineral deposits), as it shifts with the light.

Accessible only via rugged mountain roads (switch to 4x4 vehicles; horse riding or hike a short trail), the lake offers a wilderness experience ideal for hikers and photographers. You will be rewarded with vibrant blue-green waters, framed by snow-capped Tian Shan Mountains and dense pine forests - creating a postcard-perfect backdrop.

The lake spans 400 meters long, reaching nearly 30 meters deep. Walk the shore to admire tree trunks emerging from the water, or hike to viewpoints for panoramic shots of the lake, mountains, and forest. It’s especially stunning in autumn (golden trees) or winter (snow-capped peaks).

Overnight in Saty Village.

This morning, you will leave Saty Village in Kazakhstan and cross the border at Karkara, continuing onward to the charming town of Karakol in Kyrgyzstan.

In this afternoon, you will have some time to explore Karakol. You'll head to the Dungan Mosque. Built in 1904, this mosque was constructed entirely of wood, without a single nail. Instead of a minaret, it features a pagoda-like wooden tower. Its unique architecture is a stunning blend of Central Asian Islamic and traditional Chinese temple styles, with a vibrant green, blue, and yellow exterior. Its roof features Chinese-style glazed tiles and intricate wood carvings, while its interior layout fully complies with Islamic traditions.

Later, you'll visit the Holy Trinity Orthodox Cathedral. This church is also a wooden structure, with a cruciform shape and five golden onion-shaped domes - a typical style for Russian Orthodox church. The interior is beautifully decorated, preserving many valuable religious frescoes and icons that depict stories of Jesus, the Virgin Mary, and the saints.

After the tour, get back to your hotel in Karakol for a good rest.

After breakfast, you'll depart from Karakol and drive to Jety-Oguz Gorge. This gorge, which means "Seven Bulls" in Kyrgyz, is famous for its unique red rock formations, lush valleys, and romantic legends. You'll marvel at the iconic Seven Bulls landmark, where seven giant red rocks stand side-by-side, resembling seven bulls. This is the first and most important photo spot in the gorge. Next to it, an isolated red rock shaped like a Broken Heart is another popular sight. As you venture deeper into the gorge, you'll discover more abundant and pristine natural beauty.

After the tour, you'll drive for another 1.5 hours (75 km) to Tamga. You'll stay overnight here.

After breakfast, you'll drive along the southern shore of Issyk-Kul Lake to Skazka Canyon. Known as "Fairytale" in Kyrgyz, the canyon is famous for its unique and otherworldly red rock formations. As you walk through the gorge, you'll discover that the rocks have taken on bizarre shapes. Some look like animals such as camels, snakes, or sleeping giants, while others resemble castles and pagodas. Each rock seems to tell an ancient story, which is how the canyon got its name.

You can admire and touch these strange rocks up close and take amazing photos here. If your energy permits, you can climb a small hill for panoramic views, where you'll see the canyon's maze-like landscape with Issyk-Kul Lake in the distance.

Later, you'll drive west (30 minutes) to Bokonbayevo. This village is famous for its authentic nomadic culture and is one of the centers of eagle hunting in Kyrgyzstan. You can watch how hunters work with a golden eagle to demonstrate ancient hunting techniques - one of the oldest traditions of the Kyrgyz nomads.

After that, you'll head to Kyzyl-Tuu village, also located on the southern shore of Issyk-Kul. This village is famous for its traditional yurt-making skills, which have been passed down from generation to generation. Considered a living museum for this craft, Kyzyl-Tuu's artisans have mastered all the ancient techniques, from building the wooden frame to making the felt. You'll have a chance to watch yurt-making demonstration and see how they transform a pile of wooden frames and felt into a functional and sturdy traditional home.

After the tour, you'll be transferred to Kochkor (1.5-2 hours’ drive). This town is the most common starting point for trips to Son-Kul Lake.You'll stay overnight in Kochkor.

After breakfast, you'll drive for about 4 hours to Tash Rabat, a historic caravanserai. On the way, you'll cross the Dolon Pass (3,030 m). You'll stop in the city of Naryn for lunch before continuing your journey. Upon arrival, you'll check in to your yurt camp.

Tash Rabat (altitude: 3200 meters), which means "Stone Inn" in the Turkic language, is one of the most well-preserved and mysterious historical monuments in Central Asia. This 15th-century caravanserai, located in a remote and peaceful valley, was an important stop on the ancient Silk Road.

Built entirely of stone with thick walls, the structure resembles a fortress. You can walk inside to get a feel for what it was like for merchants who once sought shelter here. A circular opening at the top of the central hall provides light and ventilation.

Tonight, you'll stay in a yurt on the green pastures with a clear river running through the valley. Have a good night.

After breakfast, you'll leave Tash Rabat and drive to Son-Kul Lake via beautiful mountain road.

Today, you'll cross the Moldo Ashu mountain pass (3,400 m). From the pass, Son-Kul Lake seems very small, but as you descend, it reveals itself as a large and gorgeous body of water. This vast alpine lake, situated at 3,016 meters above sea level, is surrounded by pristine pastures and is a perfect site for eco-tourism. Here, you'll experience a blend of magnificent natural scenery and authentic nomadic culture.

Upon arrival at a yurt camp, you'll get to know the hospitality of the nomads, their lifestyle, and their customs. When night falls, you can enjoy beautiful sunset, where the lake takes on golden hue, creating a breathtaking view with the surrounding snow-capped mountains and pastures. At night, you can lie in a cozy yurt and admire sky full of stars.

Optional Horse Riding Experience: Ride a horse freely across the vast grasslands and rolling hills along the lake to take in the magnificent panoramic views.

Wake up to fresh air and enjoy the sunrise over the lake this morning. After breakfast, you'll say goodbye to Son-Kul Lake and begin your drive back to Bishkek.

You'll return to civilization by descending from the Kalmak Ashu pass (3,400 m) and passing through the Boom Gorge, where you can view towering rocky mountains and steep cliffs.

Upon arrival in Bishkek, you'll have some free time to visit a local market to buy souvenirs. Enjoy a good night here.

After breakfast, you will have time to explore the city highlights of Bishkek. Begin at the city's main square - Ala-Too Square. See the imposing statue of Manas, the legendary national hero, as well as the Government House and the national flagpole. At certain times, you may also witness military changing-of-the-guard ceremony.

From the square, walk to beautiful Oak Park, a quiet retreat in the city center with centuries-old oak trees and a collection of sculptures.

And then, move to Osh Bazaar. Experience local life and browse everything from fresh produce, spices, and dried fruits to traditional clothing, handicrafts, and carpets.

This afternoon, you'll drive to Ala-Archa National Park (30 km, 40 minutes to an hour), located southwest of Bishkek. Known as Bishkek's "backyard park," this alpine park in the Tian Shan Mountains offers scenery reminiscent of Switzerland. Majestic snow-capped peaks, blue skies, dense pine forests, alpine meadows, and picturesque river valleys. It's great for light hiking. You can follow the river to enjoy a memorable time here. Keep an eye out for animals like squirrels, red deer, wild goats, or even snow leopard (rare to see)! (Route Tip: There are three hiking routes to choose, we suggest you the easy one follow the riverbank for scenic views).

After the hike, you'll be transferred back to your hotel in Bishkek.

In this morning, you will be escorted to the airport in Bishkek for your flight to Tashkent (about 20 mins).

Welcome to Tashkent, Uzbekistan’s vibrant capital and largest city! This modern metropolis is the perfect gateway to the country’s Silk Road wonders, seamlessly blending Soviet-era grandeur with contemporary spirit.

Upon landing at Tashkent International Airport, your guide will meet you at the arrival gate, holding a sign with your name. From there, transfer to your downtown hotel, and check in your hotel. (Tip: the airport is located just about 7 km southeast of the city center, a quick and easy transfer.)

After breakfast, set out for a full-day exploration of Tashkent, Uzbekistan’s vibrant capital and a city where centuries-old tradition meets modern charm.

Begin your day in the Old City at the Khast-Imam Complex, the spiritual heart of Tashkent. This serene ensemble of blue-domed mosques, mausoleums, and madrasahs invites you to step back in time. Here you’ll find the elegant Hazrati Imam Mosque, whose twin 53-meter minarets and gold-leafed domes dominate the square, as well as the Tillya Sheikh Mosque, Barak Khan Madrasah, and the Mausoleum of Abu Bakr Kaffal Shashi, a 10th-century scholar, poet, and locksmith-saint after whom the complex is named. Be sure to visit the Mui Muborak Library, home to the revered 7th-century Osman Qur’an - one of the world’s oldest copies.

After soaking up the complex’s peaceful atmosphere, stroll through Barak Khan Madrasah, now home to artisan workshops and boutiques. Watch local masters create ikat fabrics, woodcarvings, pottery, and jewelry, giving you a chance to bring home a unique handmade souvenir.

Continue your immersion in local culture with a visit to Chorsu Bazaar, Tashkent’s largest and most iconic marketplace. Beneath its turquoise dome, vendors sell colorful spices, dried fruits, fresh bread still warm from the tandoor, and vibrant handicrafts. Sample street food, chat with friendly locals, and experience the daily rhythm of Tashkent life.

Next, explore the State Museum of Applied Arts, where more than 7,000 exhibits showcase Uzbekistan’s finest craftsmanship from the 19th century to today. Admire intricate gold embroidery, suzani textiles, ceramics, jewelry, carpets, and woodcarvings, gaining a deeper appreciation for the country’s artistic traditions.

In the afternoon, descend underground for a ride on the Tashkent Metro - an experience in itself. As the first subway system in Central Asia, it is a living museum of Soviet architecture and Uzbek decorative art. Each station is uniquely designed, from Kosmonavtlar with its cosmonaut-themed mosaics to Paxtakor with cotton motifs.

Emerge at Amir Timur Square, the heart of modern Tashkent. Surrounded by landmarks such as Hotel Uzbekistan, the Palace of International Forums, and the University of Law, the square is anchored by a bronze equestrian statue of Amir Timur, the great Central Asian conqueror and founder of the Timurid Empire. Take time to relax by the fountains, stroll through the green spaces, and - if time allows - visit the Amir Timur Museum (closed Mondays), whose striking dome is depicted on the 1,000-som banknote. Inside, discover fascinating exhibits on Timur’s life and legacy.

After the tour, be escorted to the hotel in Tashkent.

After breakfast, it’s time to leave Tashkent, the vibrant capital of Uzbekistan, and cross the border at Oybek. After completing the border formalities, bid farewell to your Uzbek guide and driver, then walk across the border where your Tajik guide and driver will be waiting to welcome you.

Continue onward to Khujand, located in the far north of Tajikistan. With over 2,500 years of history, Khujand is one of the oldest cities in Central Asia and is believed to have been founded by Alexander the Great himself, who called it Alexandria Eschate - “The Furthest Alexandria.” Once an important Silk Road hub, Khujand retains a fascinating blend of history, culture, and tradition.

In this afternoon, fully explore Khujand. Begin with a visit to the Sheikh Muslihiddin Complex, the spiritual heart of the city. Its highlight is the Mausoleum of Sheikh Muslihiddin, built in honor of the 12th-century poet, ruler, and religious leader. Admire the intricate brickwork patterns on the exterior and the beautifully painted ceilings, carved wooden details, and artistic ornamentation inside. You will often see locals for daily prayers, while flocks of pigeons gather peacefully in the square. Peaceful and relaxing here.

Next, walk a few steps to Panjshanbe Bazaar, one of the oldest and liveliest markets in Khujand. Catch the great chance to experience daily Tajik life here. Stroll through rows of stalls overflowing with fresh fruits, vegetables, dried fruits, and spices. You will also find traditional Tajik clothing, colorful textiles, and handmade crafts. Even, you can try local favorites such as samsa (savory pastries), shashlik (grilled meat skewers), and osh/plov (pilaf). The friendly and warm Tajik people will impress you.

This afternoon, explore the Khujand Fortress and Historical Museum of Khujand (Sughd Region Museum). Home to more than 15,000 artifacts, the museum showcases rare handwoven Tajik rugs, exquisite embroidery, pottery, household items, and traditional costumes. As you explore, trace Khujand’s history from the time of Alexander the Great to the modern era, and learn the legendary story of the local hero Timur Malik.

Don’t miss the striking marble mosaics depicting the life of Alexander of Macedon, who founded the most distant of his cities here in 329 BC, and see the statue of Timur Malik, celebrated for his courageous stand against the Mongol invasion in 1219–1220. Afterward, stroll around the fortress ruins, run your hands along the ancient brick walls, and imagine the fierce battles once fought here.

After the tour, be escorted to your hotel in Khujand.

After breakfast, you will depart from Khujand to Penjikent (257km, about 4-5 hours’ drive).

Known as the “Pompeii of Central Asia,” Penjikent was once a major center of the ancient Sogdian civilization. Between the 5th and 8th centuries, this city thrived as a cultural and commercial hub on the Silk Road. The Sogdians were known as the “soul of the Silk Road,” dominating trade across Eurasia - from Chinese silk to Western glassware and Indian spices.

Upon arrival, check in at your hotel and begin exploring Penjikent. Start with the Rudaki Museum, home to thousands of artifacts unearthed from local excavations - pottery, coins, sculptures, and tools - which vividly depict the Sogdian way of life. Here you’ll discover their art, clothing, mythology, and even scenes of feasts and rituals.

Next, visit the Ancient Penjikent Ruins, the remarkably preserved remains of a complete 5th–8th century Sogdian city. As you walk among the mud-brick foundations of palaces, residential quarters, temples, and fortifications, you can clearly visualize the city’s original layout and imagine the bustling life of the Silk Road era.

Travel Note: As you head deeper into the Fann Mountains, expect simpler tourist infrastructure. Tonight, you will stay in the best available local hotel, but with more basic amenities compared to the big cities. Consider this part of the adventure and a chance to experience authentic Tajik hospitality.

After breakfast, set out on adventure to explore Tajikistan’s legendary Seven Lakes, known locally as Haftkul or the Marguzor Lakes. These seven glacier-fed lakes are strung together by a single river, like a sparkling necklace laid across the valley floor.

Your journey begins with a bumpy but scenic drive into the mountains. Though the Seven Lakes are not far from Penjikent, the rugged road makes this a full-day trip. As you travel deeper into the valley, you’ll pass the first five lakes - Nejigon, Soya, Gushor, Nofin, and Khurdak - each with its own distinct color, ranging from pale green to vivid turquoise and deep blue. It’s like nature’s own painter’s palette.

Light Hike from the Sixth to the Seventh of the Seven Lakes:

You’ll reach Marguzor, the sixth and largest lake, a dazzling expanse of sapphire water framed by dramatic peaks. From here, take an easy two-hour round-trip hike to Hazorchashma, the seventh and highest lake, whose name means “A Thousand Springs.” The water here is crystal clear, and the surrounding atmosphere feels serene and untouched.

Enjoy a picnic by the lakeshore, soak in the alpine views, and perhaps take a short stroll through the nearby villages to experience the simple, authentic rhythm of Tajik mountain life.

In the afternoon, drive to the Tajikistan–Uzbekistan border at Jartepa, then continue to Samarkand, Uzbekistan, for overnight accommodation.

Today, immerse yourself in Samarkand, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the former capital of the Timurid Empire (14th–15th centuries). Known as Uzbekistan’s cultural heart and second-largest city, Samarkand dazzles visitors with its monumental architecture, Silk Road legends, and vibrant bazaars. From the majestic Gur-e Amir Mausoleum to the iconic Registan Square, the grand Bibi Khanim Mosque, the breathtaking Shahi Zinda Necropolis, and the lively Siyab Bazaar, you will discover a city that celebrates the glory and power of the Timurid dynasty.

Begin at Gur-e Amir Mausoleum, the final resting place of Amir Timur (Tamerlane), completed in 1404. This striking monument, crowned with a ribbed azure dome, served as a prototype for later Mughal architecture, including India’s Taj Mahal. Step inside to marvel at its gilded interior, intricate jade tombstones, and delicate calligraphy. Look for Timur’s legendary grave marker, said to carry a warning: “Whosoever disturbs my tomb will unleash an invader more terrible than I.” When Soviet archaeologists opened the tomb in June 1941, Nazi Germany invaded the USSR days later - a story that adds an air of mystery to your visit.

Next, head to Registan Square, the heart of Samarkand and one of the Silk Road’s most magnificent sights. Once a sandy gathering place for royal decrees, military parades, and festivals, it is now flanked by three resplendent madrasahs: Ulugh Beg Madrasa (1420), with its starry celestial mosaics; Sher-Dor Madrasa (1619), famed for its unique lion mosaics; and Tilya-Kori Madrasa (1660), with a dazzling gold-leaf dome that graces the cover of many guidebooks. By day, Registan is a masterpiece of symmetry and tilework; by night, it transforms under magical illuminations - a perfect spot for photography.

Continue to the monumental Bibi Khanim Mosque, one of the largest in the Islamic world. Built in 1404 to honor Timur’s wife, the mosque is steeped in legend - including the tale of the architect who dared to kiss Bibi Khanim and met Timur’s wrath. Step inside to admire gilded decorations inspired by local embroidery traditions.

Right nearby lies Siyab Bazaar, where you can sample Samarkand’s famous round bread, dried fruits, and spices while mingling with locals - a lively reminder that Samarkand was once a key Silk Road trading hub.

End your day with a stroll through Shahi Zinda Necropolis, an extraordinary “avenue of mausoleums” climbing a hillside. This necropolis, dating from the 11th to 15th centuries, contains some of the finest examples of Timurid-era tilework and the tombs of Timur’s female relatives and high-ranking nobles. The site is also believed to house the grave of Qutham ibn Abbas, cousin of Prophet Muhammad, making it a revered pilgrimage site. With its brilliant turquoise domes and intricate mosaics, Shahi Zinda is not just a spiritual landmark but also one of Samarkand’s most photogenic spots.

After breakfast, begin at the Ulugh Beg Observatory, one of the most advanced observatories of the medieval world. Built in the 1420s by Ulugh Beg, Timur’s scholarly grandson and an “Astronomer King,” this hilltop site once housed a massive 11-meter sextant used to chart the heavens with remarkable accuracy. Though the observatory was destroyed in 1449 and only rediscovered in 1908, its surviving ruins and small museum offer fascinating insight into Samarkand’s golden age of science - and reward visitors with sweeping city views.

Continue to the Khodja Doniyor Mausoleum (Tomb of Sait Daniel), a spiritual site revered by Muslims, Jews, and Christians alike. Here lies the legendary tomb of Prophet Daniel, its sarcophagus unusually long at 18 meters — said to grow a little each year. Timur brought Daniel’s relics to Samarkand, and pilgrims have been coming ever since to pray at the tomb and drink from its sacred spring, believed to have healing properties. The serene setting on the banks of the Siab River makes this a perfect stop for quiet reflection and to appreciate Samarkand’s role as a crossroads of faith and culture.

Before departing, visit the Afrosiab Museum, located on the ruins of ancient Samarkand. This museum reveals the city’s 2,500-year history, from its earliest settlement through its Silk Road zenith. The highlight is the 7th-century Hall of Ambassadors fresco, which vividly portrays King Varkhuman welcoming envoys from China, Persia, and beyond - a remarkable record of early diplomacy. Pottery, coins, and ossuaries showcase life in pre-Mongol Samarkand, and a detailed city model helps you imagine the metropolis before Genghis Khan’s conquest.

After the tour, be escorted back to your hotel in Samarkand.

After breakfast, depart Samarkand and set out for Bukhara, stopping en route in Shakhrisabz - the birthplace of the great conqueror Amir Timur (Tamerlane).

The journey to Shakhrisabz takes about 1.5-2 hours (92 km), passing through gentle hills and green farmland. Upon arrival, step back into the Timurid era as you explore the city’s remarkable landmarks.

Begin with the Ruins of Ak-Saray Palace, Timur’s magnificent summer residence. Though only parts of the colossal gateway remain, its scale is breathtaking — the arch once soared over 40 meters high, with blue-glazed tiles that still shimmer under the sun, hinting at its former splendor.

Continue to the Dorut Tilovat Complex, a peaceful ensemble of religious monuments honoring Timur’s spiritual teacher, Sheikh Shamsiddin Kulol. Here, admire the Kok Gumbaz Mosque, or “Blue Dome,” built by Timur’s grandson, the famed astronomer Ulugh Beg.

Your last stop is the Dorus Saodat Complex, planned as the royal family’s mausoleum. Walk through the quiet courtyards and visit the crypt believed to have been prepared for Timur himself - a poignant reminder of his legacy.

After the tour, enjoy a scenic 4.5-5-hour drive (264 km) to Bukhara, arriving by late afternoon or evening. Have a good sleep in Bukhara.

Bukhara is a compact, walkable city where nearly all monuments lie within 5 km of each other - perfect for a leisurely day of exploration.

This morning, board the train to Bukhara, a UNESCO World Heritage city often called the “Second Mecca.” With a history spanning over 2,500 years, Bukhara was one of the great hubs of the Silk Road, a thriving center of Islamic scholarship, and the legendary setting for many tales from One Thousand and One Nights.

Bukhara is a compact, walkable city where nearly all monuments lie within 5 km of each other - perfect for a leisurely day of exploration. After arrival, transfer to Chor Minor Madrasah, the famous “Four Minarets” whose unique towers, each with different decoration, are believed by some to represent the world’s four religions.

Continue to Lyabi Hauz Ensemble, the lively heart of 17th-century Bukhara. This square was built around a tranquil pool shaded by ancient mulberry trees and surrounded by three remarkable monuments: the Nadir Divan-Beghi Madrasah and Khanaka, and the Kukeldash Madrasah. Once a busy Silk Road trading hub, Lyabi Hauz remains vibrant today, with teahouses, artisans, and locals gathering around the charming statue of Khodja Nasreddin (Afandi), the beloved trickster-philosopher of Central Asian folklore.

Stroll through the historic Trading Domes, a series of 16th-century bazaars that once specialized in jewelry, currency exchange, hats, and carpets. Today, they are filled with stalls selling traditional crafts, textiles, and souvenirs, offering a lively glimpse into Bukhara’s mercantile past.

Your walking tour ends at the majestic Po-i-Kalyan Complex, the spiritual and architectural centerpiece of the city. The iconic Kalyan Minaret (built in 1127 and spared by Genghis Khan) towers 47 meters over the square, joined by the vast Kalyan Mosque - capable of holding 10,000 worshippers—and the stunning Mir-i-Arab Madrasah with its turquoise domes and intricate tilework.

Stay overnight in Bukhara.

This morning, go on an exploring of Bukhara, the Religious and Academic Capital of the Silk Road, to see its ancient mausoleums, fortress & mosque. In the afternoon, take a train to Samarkand, the Legendary Silk Road Crossroads founded 2,700 years ago.

First, pay a visit to the Ismail Samani Mausoleum, the oldest funerary building in Central Asian architecture. It's the 9th-10th-century resting place of the Samanid ruler Ismail Samani and is the only surviving monument from the Samanid era. Regarded as an iconic example of early Islamic architecture, you can admire its intricate brickwork, geometric patterns, and durable construction. You will notice the mausoleum draws elements from early Sogdian architecture (heavy corner buttresses) and Sassanid fire worship (circular brick suns & the canopy shape of sacred Zoroastrian temples). A quiet refuge in Samani Park, it reflects early Islamic artistry without excessive ornamentation.

Next, move to Chashma-Ayub Mausoleum to see the Spring of Holy Ayub. The mausoleum dates back to the 12th century (built by Karakhanid rulers) and features a tent-like Karakhanid-style roof. It consists of the mausoleum and a holy spring. Legend has it that the prophet Job struck his staff on the ground here, causing a spring to appear whose water then cured him of his many boils and ulcers. Today, it includes a Museum of Water about water management in Bukhara & a tap where pilgrims drink from the spring.

After that, head to explore the Ark of Bukhara (Ark Fortress), whose image was printed on Uzbekistan’s 2,000-som banknote. It is Bukhara’s ancient fortress, built the 5th c. AD, and rebuilt in the 16th–17th c. For centuries, it served as a royal town-within-a-town for Bukhara’s emirs. Its 11-meter-thick walls enclose museums, the 17th-century Coronation Mosque, a throne room, and prison cells. Outside, in front of the fortress, is medieval Bukhara’s main square, the Registan Square, a favourite venue for executions, including those of the British officers Stoddart and Conolly. Once a symbol of power, it now displays royal artifacts, weapons, and manuscripts. You can explore its labyrinthine chambers, climb the battlements for panoramic views of Bukhara, and learn about Bukhara’s medieval governance.

Located directly opposite the Ark of Bukhara, the Bolo Hauz Mosque (Mosque of the Forty Columns) is a stunning architectural gem. It is a royal mosque built in 1712, famed for its 20 intricately carved wooden pillars and their reflection in the adjacent "Forty Pillars" pond. Famous for its beautifully carved, brightly painted wooden columns and ornate ceiling, it once served as the emir’s Friday mosque. It is a peaceful spot to admire classic Uzbek artistry.

After the tour, be escorted back to your hotel in Bukhara.

On this day, you will be transferred to the Bukhara Railway Station for your train to Khiva (about 5.5-6 hours).

Upon arrive in Khiva, you will have some time to explore Khiva in this afternoon.

“I would offer a bag of gold merely to catch a glimpse of Khiva.” This well-known Central Asian saying perfectly captures the city’s legendary allure. Khiva is a living “open-air museum,” a place where stepping through its gates feels like traveling back to the medieval era.

The highlight of Khiva is Itchan Kala, the perfectly preserved inner-walled city of the Khwarezm Empire (10th-17th centuries). Enclosed by 10-meter-high mud-brick walls, this UNESCO World Heritage site covers just 26 hectares and is home to about 2,000 residents. All its treasures - palaces, mosques, madrasahs, minarets, and mausoleums - lie within a walkable 1-kilometer radius, making it easy to explore on foot in half a day.

After breakfast, follow your guide through the Ata Darvaza (West Gate) to begin your journey through Khiva’s most iconic landmarks. Admire the turquoise-glazed Kalta Minor Minaret (the “Short Minaret”) and the nearby Muhammad Amin Khan Madrasah, the largest in Khiva. Continue to the peaceful Sayid Allauddin Mausoleum (14th century) and the Pakhlavan Makhmud Mausoleum, the holiest site in Khiva with its striking turquoise domes.

Climb (optional, self-pay) the Islam Khoja Minaret - at 57 meters tall, it offers breathtaking panoramic views over the city. Step into the Juma Mosque (Friday Mosque) with its mesmerizing forest of 218 wooden columns, and admire the intricate tilework at Allakuli Khan Madrasah. Explore the elegant Tosh Hovli Palace (Stone Palace) with its harem quarters and mirrored halls, and visit the Mohammed Rakhim Khan Madrasa for a glimpse of Khiva’s cultural history.

Also, explore Kuhna Ark (Old Fortress), a 17th-century citadel where you can see the khans’ harem, mint, stables, arsenal, mosque, and jail. If time permits, walk along the Itchan Kala walls (self-pay) for unforgettable panoramic views - a perfect spot to watch the sunset over Khiva’s timeless skyline. (Fun fact: Itchan Kala is featured on the 100,000 Uzbekistani som banknote!)

This evening, you will stay in Khiva.

After breakfast, you’ll cross from Khiva into Turkmenistan at the Shavat Border Point. Our Turkmenistan guide and driver will be waiting to escort you for the remainder of the day’s sightseeing. You will continue to Kunya-Urgench.

Located in northwestern Turkmenistan, Kunya-Urgench was once one of Central Asia’s most prosperous cities and the capital of the powerful Khwarazmian Empire. It reached its peak in the 11th-12th centuries as both a major Silk Road trade hub and a leading center of science, culture, and art in the Islamic world. Many renowned scholars worked here, making it a city to rival Bukhara and Samarkand. Today, what you see are ancient ruins (dating from the 11th to 16th centuries) scattered across the desert landscape, but the site is in fact recognized as an important UNESCO World Heritage Site (since 2005). It is a place where you can trace the diverse methods and decorative styles of Islamic architecture in Central Asia.

On arrival, begin your visit at the Kutlug-Timur Minaret, soaring 60 meters high and the tallest structure on site. Continue to the Mausoleum of Sultan Tekesh (12th century), noted for its distinctive conical dome. Then explore the highlight of the complex, the Mausoleum of Turabeg Khanum (14th century), one of the most magnificent in the city. Take time to step inside and admire its breathtaking dome and intricate decorations. Also visit the Mausoleum of Il Arslan (12th century), where the square base and decorative brickwork reflect early Islamic architecture.

After the tour, drive south through the vast Karakum Desert to Darvaza Gas Crater (276 km, about 5 hours). You've now arrived at the "Door to Hell"!

The crater was formed in 1971 when Soviet geologists were drilling for natural gas. The ground beneath their rig collapsed, leaving a large hole with a diameter of 60 meters and a depth of 20 meters. To prevent the release of poisonous gas, they decided to light it on fire, hoping it would burn itself out in a few days. The gas, however, is still burning today.

At daylight, the crater may seem like an ordinary hole in the ground, with a slight haze of smoke. We'll take a walk around the site while our barbecue dinner is being prepared. As dusk falls, the simple hole transforms into a spectacular "fire temple," creating an otherworldly atmosphere that will ignite your imagination. We'll finish the day with a taste of delicious nomadic food, with the flickering lights of the "eternal" fire.

Stay overnight in a traditional yurt camp. (Note: The camp provides basic, shared outdoor washing and toilet facilities.)

This morning, enjoy picnic-style breakfast at Darvaza in the desert. Afterward, drive back through the vast Karakum Desert and get back to Ashgabat (about 4-5 hours).

Ashgabat, the capital, is a pure white world, truly unique. It has been recognized by the Guinness World Records as the city with the highest density of white marble buildings. More than 500 structures are decorated with shining marble. Your driver will take you on a ride through these white giants, making you feel as if you’ve entered film-like world, similar to The Truman Show. Today, begin your adventure in Ashgabat.

In this afternoon, you will have more time to explore this white marble city. Head to the Ertugrul Gazi Mosque. Built in the 1990s as a gift from the Turkish government, this magnificent mosque was constructed entirely in the style of the Ottoman Empire, and its exterior is very similar to Istanbul's famous Blue Mosque. Upon arrival, you'll be struck by its four towering minarets and a magnificent central dome, all built from solemn white marble. Once inside, you'll be amazed by the opulent decoration, including delicate gilded carvings, intricate mosaic tiles, and huge crystal chandeliers, creating sacred and serene atmosphere.

Later, you'll have a chance to explore the Horse Stables to see the national pride of the Turkmen people, the Akhal-Teke horses, revered as some of the most beautiful horses in the world. Known as "heavenly horses," their most prominent feature is their metallic sheen.

You can also visit Gulistan Bazaar to experience vivid local life as you explore stalls filled with fresh fruits, vegetables, spices, and daily necessities or even Turkmen carpet. Feel free to try some local food here if you like.

Stay overnight in Ashgabat.

After breakfast, set out to explore the architectural marvels and cultural highlights of Ashgabat, famously known as the “White City” for its gleaming marble-clad buildings.

Begin at the Neutrality Monument, a striking 75-meter-high, tripod-shaped arch built in 1998 to symbolize Turkmenistan’s permanent neutrality and its commitment to peace and goodwill. From its viewing platform, enjoy sweeping panoramas of the capital.

Continue to the National Museum of Turkmenistan, one of Central Asia’s finest museums. Its white-marble exterior, crowned by a brilliant blue dome and golden statues, is as impressive as the treasures inside. With over 500,000 artifacts on display, you’ll discover archaeological finds from legendary Silk Road sites like Nisa, Merv, and Gonur Depe. Admire coins, weapons, pottery, and exquisite gold jewelry, along with traditional clothing that tells the story of Turkmen heritage. Don’t miss the museum’s star exhibits - the ancient rhytons, ceremonial drinking vessels of extraordinary beauty.

Next, stroll through Independence Park, home to statues of poets, philosophers, and national heroes, and marvel at the soaring Independence Monument, a 118-meter masterpiece built to commemorate Turkmenistan’s independence in 1991.

In the afternoon, see more of Ashgabat’s futuristic skyline. Make a brief stop to admire the Alem Cultural and Entertainment Center - featuring the world’s largest indoor Ferris wheel - and the distinctive Palace of Happiness, whose design resembles an eight-pointed star embracing a globe.

Later, visit the Turkmen Carpet Museum, where you can admire the world’s largest handwoven carpet (301 m², recognized by the Guinness World Records), discover the intricate weaving techniques passed down for generations, and learn about the symbolism behind traditional patterns.

Conclude your day at the impressive Kipchak Mosque (also called the Turkmenbashi Ruhy Mosque), a breathtaking blend of traditional Islamic architecture and modern design. Its white marble façade, golden dome, and four towering minarets create a majestic silhouette. Inside, admire glittering chandeliers, intricate geometric patterns, and inscriptions from both the Quran and the Ruhnama (Book of the Soul) written by Turkmenistan’s first president.

After this full-day exploration, return to your hotel in Ashgabat.

After breakfast, you will be escorted to the Ashgabat airport for your flight to Mary (312km, 40 minutes). Tip: A one-way drive would take about 4-5 hours, covering 372 km.

Upon arrival at Mary International Airport, our driver will pick you up and transfer you to Ancient Merv, located 33km northeast of Mary. This UNESCO World Heritage site is the oldest and best-preserved of the oasis-cities along the Silk Route in Central Asia. It has spanned over 4,000 years’ history. During the medieval period, its population exceeded one million, making it one of the largest cities in the world. It was known as the "Queen of the World" and the "Jewel of the Silk Road."

Within the vast 1,200-hectare archaeological park, you'll have the chance to observe all the constituent parts of this "wandering city." The site consists of a series of adjacent cities, roughly divided into the ancient (Erk Kala and Gyaur Kala), the medieval (Sultan Kala), and the post-medieval (Abdulla-Khan Kala and Bayram-Ali-Khan Kala). Besides these remnants, you'll also visit the 6th-9th century AD forts of Big and Little Kyz-Kalas, which are excellent examples of the so-called "corrugated Koshks." You'll also explore the splendid 12th-century mausoleums of Sultan Sanjar and Muhammed ibn-Zeyd, which demonstrate exquisite Seljuk-period brickwork and architectural décor.

After sightseeing, we'll head back to Mary to visit the local Regional Museum. The museum presents a wide array of archaeological finds dating back from the 3rd millennium BC to the late 19th century. The collections come from both Ancient Merv and Bronze Age sites of the Margush region, as well as interesting ethnographic displays that reconstruct the daily lives of the local Turkmen population.

In the evening, take a return flight to Ashgabat (40 mins). Our driver will meet you at the airport and transfer you to your hotel in Ashgabat.

After breakfast, you will have some free time to explore Ashgabat. Afterward, you will be transferred to the airport for your flight to your next destination or to return home. Your 25 Days Central Asia tour concludes here. (Tip: Please inform us of your flight details so we can arrange your airport transfer accordingly.)

Tailored Experience in Central Asia: We can tailor Central Asia tour based on your preferred duration and interests.

Thank you for choosing Asia Odyssey Travel for your 5 Stans tour. We look forward to welcoming you back for your next adventure!