21 Days Epic Central Asia Grand Tour: Starting in Kyrgyzstan, Best in Spring

Dear friends, welcome to Kyrgyzstan! Often called the "Switzerland of Central Asia," Kyrgyzstan is famous for its breathtaking natural beauty and nomadic culture. Bishkek, the capital, is filled with Soviet-era charm and lush greenery.

Upon landing at Manas International Airport (FRU) in Bishkek, your local driver will be waiting to transfer you to your downtown hotel. (Tip: the airport is about 32 km northwest of Bishkek, 40min to 1-hour drive). The rest of the day is free for you to explore the capital city on your own.

Free Time Ideas for your OWN EXPLORATION:

1. Visit Russian OrthodoxChurch (also called Holy Resurrection Cathedral). This is the largest Russian Orthodox church in Kyrgyzstan. The cathedral features sky-blue, onion-shaped domes and an intricately detailed, three-level iconostasis decorated with icons of saints and angels.
2. Choose a local restaurant to try traditional Kyrgyz dishes such as beshbarmak (the national dish), plov (pilaf), laghman (thick noodles with meat and vegetables), or various kinds of shashlik (meat skewers).
3. When night falls, take a walk along Chui Avenue. This main thoroughfare is lined with magnificent Soviet-era buildings and has a variety of shops, cafés, restaurants, and shopping centers.

After breakfast, you will have time to explore the city highlights of Bishkek. Begin at the city's main square - Ala-Too Square. See the imposing statue of Manas, the legendary national hero, as well as the Government House and the national flagpole. At certain times, you may also witness military changing-of-the-guard ceremony.

From the square, walk to beautiful Oak Park, a quiet retreat in the city center with centuries-old oak trees and a collection of sculptures.

And then, move to Osh Bazaar. Experience local life and browse everything from fresh produce, spices, and dried fruits to traditional clothing, handicrafts, and carpets.

This afternoon, you'll drive to Ala-Archa National Park (30 km, 40 minutes to an hour), located southwest of Bishkek. Known as Bishkek's "backyard park," this alpine park in the Tian Shan Mountains offers scenery reminiscent of Switzerland. Majestic snow-capped peaks, blue skies, dense pine forests, alpine meadows, and picturesque river valleys. It's great for light hiking. You can follow the river to enjoy a memorable time here. Keep an eye out for animals like squirrels, red deer, wild goats, or even snow leopard (rare to see)! (Route Tip: There are three hiking routes to choose, we suggest you the easy one follow the riverbank for scenic views).

After the hike, you'll be transferred back to your hotel in Bishkek.

After breakfast, you will depart from Bishkek and head to the Burana Tower. This historic site, originally built in the 11th century, was once part of Balasagun, the ancient capital of the Kara-Khanid Khanate. You can climb to the top of the tower to get a spectacular view of the surrounding ruins and the distant snow-capped mountains. On the ground, you can walk among the Balbals, stone figures that are medieval Turkic nomadic gravestones, offering a fascinating glimpse into the region's ancient past.

Following our visit, journey to the Tar Suu Village located in serene Chon Kemin Valley. This place is a stunning showcase of Kyrgyzstan’s diverse landscapes, from dense coniferous forests and vast alpine meadows to rushing rivers and towering peaks. Here, you will have the chance to immerse yourself in the authentic local lifestyle and experience the freedom of nomadic culture.

You can choose to take a gentle walk through the village to observe daily life, or for a more adventurous experience, try horseback riding. Feel the spirit and pride of the Central Asian nomadic people.

After a day of exploration, stay overnight in the village.

After breakfast, your journey will take you from the mountains towards Issyk-Kul, the world's second-largest high-altitude lake, a drive of about 2 to 2.5 hours.

Before arriving at the lake, you will visit the Petroglyphs Museum. This open-air museum, spanning 42 hectares, is set on a vast landscape with the majestic Tian Shan mountain range as its backdrop. Here, you'll find ancient petroglyphs carved into massive black basalt stones, dating from the 2nd millennium BC until the 4th century AD. These carvings depict animals like wolves and snow leopards, as well as scenes of hunting and sacrifice.

Afterward, you will arrive in Cholpon-Ata on the northern shore of Issyk-Kul. You'll check into your hotel, and the rest of the day will be yours to relax and enjoy the beautiful lake.

Issyk-Kul is often called the "Pearl of Central Asia." Its name means "warm lake" in Kyrgyz, as its saltwater composition keeps it from freezing even at an altitude of 1,607 meters. Its crystal-clear waters give you the feeling of being on the seashore.

Ideas for Free Time at Issyk-Kul Lake:

(1) Relax or Swim: Head to the golden sandy beaches to sunbathe or take a refreshing swim in the warm, clear water.

(2) Take a Boat Trip: Go to the pier and take a boat out onto the lake to admire the magnificent views of the surrounding snow-capped mountains.

After breakfast, let’s follow the lake and explore its southern shore of Issyk-Kul Lake.

The first stop, with 2 hours’ drive, you'll head to Kyzyl-Tuu village, also located on the southern shore of Issyk-Kul. This village is famous for its traditional yurt-making skills, which have been passed down from generation to generation. Considered a living museum for this craft, Kyzyl-Tuu's artisans have mastered all the ancient techniques, from building the wooden frame to making the felt. You'll have a chance to watch yurt-making demonstration and see how they transform a pile of wooden frames and felt into a functional and sturdy traditional home.

Later, you'll drive east (30-40 minutes) to Bokonbayevo. This village is famous for its authentic nomadic culture and is one of the centers of eagle hunting in Kyrgyzstan. You can watch how hunters work with a golden eagle to demonstrate ancient hunting techniques - one of the oldest traditions of the Kyrgyz nomads.

Stay overnight in yurt camp in Bokonbayevo.

On this day, after breakfast, continue your visit and head to Jety-Oguz Gorge (2 hours’ drive). This gorge, which means "Seven Bulls" in Kyrgyz, is famous for its unique red rock formations, lush valleys, and romantic legends. You'll marvel at the iconic Seven Bulls landmark, where seven giant red rocks stand side-by-side, resembling seven bulls. This is the first and most important photo spot in the gorge. Next to it, an isolated red rock shaped like a Broken Heart is another popular sight. As you venture deeper into the gorge, you'll discover more abundant and pristine natural beauty.

After the tour, drive to Karakol, the administrative center of the Issyk-Kul region. The city also served as a military outpost during the 19th-century Russian Empire. Upon arrival, you'll check in to your hotel for the night.

If you arrive early, explore some highlights of the city. You'll head to the Dungan Mosque. Built in 1904, this mosque was constructed entirely of wood, without a single nail. Instead of a minaret, it features a pagoda-like wooden tower. Its unique architecture is a stunning blend of Central Asian Islamic and traditional Chinese temple styles, with a vibrant green, blue, and yellow exterior. Its roof features Chinese-style glazed tiles and intricate wood carvings, while its interior layout fully complies with Islamic traditions.

Later, you'll visit the Holy Trinity Orthodox Cathedral. This church is also a wooden structure, with a cruciform shape and five golden onion-shaped domes - a typical style for Russian Orthodox church. The interior is beautifully decorated, preserving many valuable religious frescoes and icons that depict stories of Jesus, the Virgin Mary, and the saints.

Today, you’ll depart from Karakol and journey toward the Kyrgyzstan-Kazakhstan border. After completing border formalities, you will continue your scenic drive to Charyn Canyon.

You will explore Charyn Canyon National Park, which is often called the “Grand Canyon of Central Asia.” This dramatic 12-million-year-old canyon stretches along the Charyn River and showcases layers of colorful sedimentary rock shaped by wind and water over millennia. The highlight here is the Valley of Castles, a 2–3 km trail where towering rock formations resemble ancient fortresses and spires. As you descend into the canyon, the sheer cliffs rise dramatically on both sides, and the play of light and shadow makes for unforgettable photos.

At the canyon floor, you can relax by the Charyn River, a peaceful spot to enjoy your packed lunch or a snack while taking in the scale of the cliffs around you. The park spans 154 km and features a variety of landscapes - semi-deserts, lush riverbanks, and even pockets of forest - with snow-capped Tian Shan peaks visible in the distance. Wildlife enthusiasts might spot foxes, hares, eagles, or lizards along the way.

After exploring, you will drive onward to Almaty, where you’ll settle in for the evening.

A full day exploring Almaty’s highlights! Today’s Almaty tour blends history, culture & nature: Central State Museum (history buffs’ paradise), Central Mosque (golden domes), Green Bazaar (food & local life), Panfilov Park (honor heroes), Zenkov Cathedral (wooden architecture), Folk Instruments Museum (Kazakh culture & musical tradition), Kok-Tobe Hill (panoramic views).

First, visit Central State Museum of Kazakhstan (Closed on Tuesdays), the landmark of Almaty. Designed by well-known architect Andrey Pavlochich Zenkov and constructed in 1904-1907, it is one of Central Asia's largest and oldest museums, which endured a strong earthquake in 1911. The museum has 3 floors with more than 200,000 exhibits spanning from the Stone Age to modern times, and it offers a deep dive into Kazakh history. Must-sees include the iconic Golden Man replica (4th-century BCE Saka armor; a national symbol of Kazakhstan), Mongol-era artifacts, and traditional nomadic costumes.

Then, pay a visit to the Central Mosque (Closed on Friday). The mosque has a capacity of up to 7,000 people, is one of the largest mosques in Kazakhstan. Minarets are located in the corners of the building, the domes of which are covered with real gold.

Nearby, the Green Bazaar (Zeleny Bazar), a 19th-century market, buzzes with local life and offers a wide array of snacks and souvenirs. Must-sees: vibrant stalls of spices, fruits (apples of different colors), and handmade crafts. Must-tries: juicy samsa (meat pies), tangy kurt (dried cheese), horse sausage (kazy), and delicious dairy treats.

In the afternoon, explore 28 Panfilov Guardsmen Park (Panfilov Park), a green oasis in Almaty. The park is named after Soviet General Ivan Panfilov, 28 soldiers are remembered for delaying the German advance into the Soviet capital of Moscow in 1941. "Great Russia, but nowhere to retreat. Moscow is behind us." These were the final words of political commissar Klochkov, a phrase that became legendary in Soviet history books. Stroll peaceful paths and honor the 28 WWII heroes at the solemn monument with an eternal flame. It shows us how hard war is and why we should care about peace.

Not far away, you’ll find the colorful Ascension Cathedral, also known as Zenkov Cathedral, in honor of its designer, the Russian architect Andrei Pavlovich Zenkov. This landmark inside Panfilov Park is one of the best photography spots in Almaty.

Completed in 1907, this Tsarist-era wooden building (56 meters tall) is the second-tallest wooden church in the world. As a prime example of a Russian Orthodox church built without a single nail, it remarkably survived the devastating 1911 earthquake (magnitude 7.7) with minimal damage.

During the Soviet period, the cathedral was used to house a museum and a radio tower. Today, it accommodates 1,800 people and hosts regular services. Must-sees include the vibrant interior murals, the intricate iconostasis, and the historic bell tower. Its peaceful ambiance makes it a perfect place for contemplation.

Nearby, you can visit the Kazakh Museum of Folk Musical Instruments (Closed on Mondays), which was once the House of Officers. The wooden Russian-style building, erected in 1908, was designed by the same architect as the cathedral, Andrei Pavlovich Zenkov.

Kazakhstan is a multi-ethnic country with a long and rich musical history. You can explore over 1,000 instruments here, including Kazakh national musical instruments like wooden harps, horns, bagpipes, the lute-like two-stringed dombra, and the viola-like kobyz. Some were once played by famous composers. You may get a chance to enjoy live performances and interactive exhibits that celebrate the soul of Kazakh music. It's a must for music lovers.

At last, time to reach Kok-Tobe Hill, a symbol of Almaty. With an elevation of 1,100 meters, the hill offers breathtaking views of Almaty city & the snow-capped Shymbulak Mountain (Tianshan Mountains). Ride the scenic cable car, visit the Beatles monument, and snap photos of the iconic TV tower (372 meters tall). Enjoy the amusement park (self-pay; Ferris wheel & mini-zoo), souvenir shops, and local dining. It’s perfect for photography (sunset), relaxation, and family fun amidst nature!

Overnight in Almaty.

On this day, you will take flight from Almaty to Bushanbe. Welcome to Tajikistan! What will captivate you here are its majestic mountains, hidden adventures in deep gorges, and sparkling alpine lakes. Even from your flight, you may catch your first glimpse of the “Roof of Central Asia” - the vast Pamir Plateau and soaring peaks. Now, get ready for an unforgettable journey with us!

Upon landing at Dushanbe International Airport (DYU) in the capital city, your local driver will be waiting to greet you and transfer you to your downtown hotel. (Travel tip: the airport is only about 4 km from the city center, 10-minute drive). After arrival, check in and rest at your hotel.

Dushanbe Half-day City Tour (If Time Permits):

If you arrive in Dushanbe in the morning, we recommend this half-day city tour to discover the charm of Tajikistan’s capital. Begin at the Independence Monument in the city center - a striking 45-meter golden column topped with an 11.5-meter, seven-tiered crown, built to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the Republic of Tajikistan’s independence.

From here, continue to the Statue of Ismail Somoni, the founder of the Samanid Empire (9th–10th century). He is remembered for leading Tajik culture into its golden age. Revered as the father of the nation and a national hero, his monument is one of the most important landmarks in the city.

Next, a short walk brings you to Rudaki Park, a peaceful green oasis in the heart of Dushanbe. Here you will find fountains and flowerbeds, as well as the grand statue of Rudaki, regarded as the father of classical Persian literature and honored as Tajikistan’s national poet. This is a relaxing place to enjoy the local atmosphere.

If time allows, visit the Imam Abu Hanifa Mosque, also known as the Dushanbe Central Mosque. It is the largest mosque in Central Asia. Its vast white marble dome, flanked by four towering minarets, beautifully combines traditional Islamic architecture with modern design. Inside and out, the mosque is richly decorated with mosaics, intricate geometric patterns, and elegant calligraphy.

Dinner Ideas: In the evening, you may wish to sample traditional Tajik cuisine such as Osh/Plov, Qurutob, Shashlik, Shorbo, or Samsa. (If you’d like restaurant recommendations, we will be happy to assist.)

After the tour, you will be escorted back to your hotel in Dushanbe.

After breakfast, leave Dushanbe and set out for Iskanderkul Lake, a scenic 3-4 hour drive (134 km) through winding mountain roads and dramatic gorges.

Nestled deep in the majestic Fann Mountains at an altitude of 2,200 meters, Iskanderkul is Tajikistan’s most celebrated lake - often called one of the most beautiful in the entire former Soviet Union. Its name means “Lake of Alexander,” and legend says that Alexander the Great once paused here during his campaigns, giving the lake an air of mystery and romance.

As you arrive, the first thing that will capture your attention is the lake’s striking emerald-green water, shimmering under the sun like a giant jewel. Take a leisurely walk along the shore to admire the surrounding scenery - snow-capped peaks, lush forests, and hidden waterfalls - and find a quiet spot to simply sit and soak in the tranquility of this alpine paradise. This is also a perfect place to capture stunning photos.

If you wish, enjoy a short hike to the nearby waterfall, where the rushing water contrasts beautifully with the peaceful lake setting.

After the tour, continue your drive (3-4 hour) to Penjikent.

After breakfast, set out on an unforgettable full-day adventure to explore Tajikistan’s legendary Seven Lakes, known locally as Haftkul or the Marguzor Lakes. These seven glacier-fed lakes are strung together by a single river, like a sparkling necklace laid across the valley floor.

Your journey begins with a bumpy but scenic drive into the mountains. Though the Seven Lakes are not far from Penjikent, the rugged road makes this a full-day trip. As you travel deeper into the valley, you’ll pass the first five lakes - Nejigon, Soya, Gushor, Nofin, and Khurdak - each with its own distinct color, ranging from pale green to vivid turquoise and deep blue. It’s like nature’s own painter’s palette.

Light Hike from the Sixth to the Seventh of the Seven Lakes:

You’ll reach Marguzor, the sixth and largest lake, a dazzling expanse of sapphire water framed by dramatic peaks. From here, take an easy two-hour round-trip hike to Hazorchashma, the seventh and highest lake, whose name means “A Thousand Springs.” The water here is crystal clear, and the surrounding atmosphere feels serene and untouched.

Enjoy a picnic by the lakeshore, soak in the alpine views, and perhaps take a short stroll through the nearby villages to experience the simple, authentic rhythm of Tajik mountain life.

In the afternoon, return by road to Penjikent for your overnight stay.

On this day, you will visit Penjikent first. Known as the “Pompeii of Central Asia,” Penjikent was once a major center of the ancient Sogdian civilization. Between the 5th and 8th centuries, this city thrived as a cultural and commercial hub on the Silk Road. The Sogdians were known as the “soul of the Silk Road,” dominating trade across Eurasia - from Chinese silk to Western glassware and Indian spices.

Upon arrival, check in at your hotel and begin exploring Penjikent. Start with the Rudaki Museum, home to thousands of artifacts unearthed from local excavations - pottery, coins, sculptures, and tools - which vividly depict the Sogdian way of life. Here you’ll discover their art, clothing, mythology, and even scenes of feasts and rituals.

Next, visit the Ancient Penjikent Ruins, the remarkably preserved remains of a complete 5th–8th century Sogdian city. As you walk among the mud-brick foundations of palaces, residential quarters, temples, and fortifications, you can clearly visualize the city’s original layout and imagine the bustling life of the Silk Road era.

In the afternoon, drive to the Tajikistan–Uzbekistan border at Jartepa, then continue to Samarkand, Uzbekistan, for overnight accommodation.

Today, immerse yourself in Samarkand, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the former capital of the Timurid Empire (14th–15th centuries). Known as Uzbekistan’s cultural heart and second-largest city, Samarkand dazzles visitors with its monumental architecture, Silk Road legends, and vibrant bazaars. From the majestic Gur-e Amir Mausoleum to the iconic Registan Square, the grand Bibi Khanim Mosque, the breathtaking Shahi Zinda Necropolis, and the lively Siyab Bazaar, you will discover a city that celebrates the glory and power of the Timurid dynasty.

Begin at Gur-e Amir Mausoleum, the final resting place of Amir Timur (Tamerlane), completed in 1404. This striking monument, crowned with a ribbed azure dome, served as a prototype for later Mughal architecture, including India’s Taj Mahal. Step inside to marvel at its gilded interior, intricate jade tombstones, and delicate calligraphy. Look for Timur’s legendary grave marker, said to carry a warning: “Whosoever disturbs my tomb will unleash an invader more terrible than I.” When Soviet archaeologists opened the tomb in June 1941, Nazi Germany invaded the USSR days later - a story that adds an air of mystery to your visit.

Next, head to Registan Square, the heart of Samarkand and one of the Silk Road’s most magnificent sights. Once a sandy gathering place for royal decrees, military parades, and festivals, it is now flanked by three resplendent madrasahs: Ulugh Beg Madrasa (1420), with its starry celestial mosaics; Sher-Dor Madrasa (1619), famed for its unique lion mosaics; and Tilya-Kori Madrasa (1660), with a dazzling gold-leaf dome that graces the cover of many guidebooks. By day, Registan is a masterpiece of symmetry and tilework; by night, it transforms under magical illuminations - a perfect spot for photography.

Continue to the monumental Bibi Khanim Mosque, one of the largest in the Islamic world. Built in 1404 to honor Timur’s wife, the mosque is steeped in legend - including the tale of the architect who dared to kiss Bibi Khanim and met Timur’s wrath. Step inside to admire gilded decorations inspired by local embroidery traditions.

Right nearby lies Siyab Bazaar, where you can sample Samarkand’s famous round bread, dried fruits, and spices while mingling with locals - a lively reminder that Samarkand was once a key Silk Road trading hub.

End your day with a stroll through Shahi Zinda Necropolis, an extraordinary “avenue of mausoleums” climbing a hillside. This necropolis, dating from the 11th to 15th centuries, contains some of the finest examples of Timurid-era tilework and the tombs of Timur’s female relatives and high-ranking nobles. The site is also believed to house the grave of Qutham ibn Abbas, cousin of Prophet Muhammad, making it a revered pilgrimage site. With its brilliant turquoise domes and intricate mosaics, Shahi Zinda is not just a spiritual landmark but also one of Samarkand’s most photogenic spots.

In the morning, explore more about Samarkand, the Silk Road gem. With a visit to the Ulugh Beg Observatory, Tomb of Sait Daniel, and Afrosiab Museum, you may see why it was the center of history, culture, and scientific contributions in the past. Then, head back to Tashkent by train.

The Ulugh Beg Observatory is a must-visit for history and astronomy enthusiasts. Built in the 1420s by the renowned Astronomer King Ulugh Beg (grandson of the emperor Timur), it was one of the most advanced observatories of its time. Destroyed in 1449 and rediscovered in 1908, the ruins reveal medieval Samarkand’s intellectual prowess. You should not miss the impressive sextant (11m long), used to calculate celestial positions with incredible accuracy. The on-site museum offers fascinating insights into Ulugh Beg’s contributions to science. Perched on a hill, the observatory combines breathtaking views of Samarkand with the legacy of a visionary astronomer.

Next, visit the Khodja Doniyor Mausoleum (Tomb of Sait Daniel), a sacred site revered by Muslims, Jews, and Christians alike. It houses the tomb of Prophet Daniel (under five domes), which stretches an astonishing 18 meters long due to a legend of the saint's remains growing over time. Timur brought Daniel’s relics here in the 15th century, creating a pilgrimage hub. This site, located on the banks of the Siab River, also features a sacred spring with healing properties, making it a peaceful and powerful place to reflect and witness the confluence of different faiths. It is a great spot to undestand Samarkand – the crossroads of cultures.

Before transferring to train station for Tashkent, it’s a great idea to conclude your Samarkand tour with a visit to the Afrosiab Museum. This museum, built atop Samarkand’s 2,500-year-old ruins, unveils the city’s ancient soul. Its crown jewel is the 7th-century Sogdian frescoes, notably the "Hall of Ambassadors" mural, depicting King Varkhuman receiving envoys from China, Persia, and beyond—a testament to Silk Road diplomacy. Artifacts like pottery, coins, and ossuaries trace eras from the Achaemenid to Timurid periods, while a scale model reconstructs the pre-Mongol metropolis. A must for history lovers to walk through a lost golden age.

Take a train ride to Tashkent for overnight.

After breakfast, set out for full-day exploration of Tashkent, Uzbekistan’s vibrant capital and a city where centuries-old tradition meets modern charm.

Begin your day in the Old City at the Khast-Imam Complex, the spiritual heart of Tashkent. This serene ensemble of blue-domed mosques, mausoleums, and madrasahs invites you to step back in time. Here you’ll find the elegant Hazrati Imam Mosque, whose twin 53-meter minarets and gold-leafed domes dominate the square, as well as the Tillya Sheikh Mosque, Barak Khan Madrasah, and the Mausoleum of Abu Bakr Kaffal Shashi, a 10th-century scholar, poet, and locksmith-saint after whom the complex is named. Be sure to visit the Mui Muborak Library, home to the revered 7th-century Osman Qur’an - one of the world’s oldest copies.

After soaking up the complex’s peaceful atmosphere, stroll through Barak Khan Madrasah, now home to artisan workshops and boutiques. Watch local masters create ikat fabrics, woodcarvings, pottery, and jewelry, giving you a chance to bring home a unique handmade souvenir.

Continue your immersion in local culture with a visit to Chorsu Bazaar, Tashkent’s largest and most iconic marketplace. Beneath its turquoise dome, vendors sell colorful spices, dried fruits, fresh bread still warm from the tandoor, and vibrant handicrafts. Sample street food, chat with friendly locals, and experience the daily rhythm of Tashkent life.

Next, explore the State Museum of Applied Arts, where more than 7,000 exhibits showcase Uzbekistan’s finest craftsmanship from the 19th century to today. Admire intricate gold embroidery, suzani textiles, ceramics, jewelry, carpets, and woodcarvings, gaining a deeper appreciation for the country’s artistic traditions.

In the afternoon, descend underground for a ride on the Tashkent Metro - an experience in itself. As the first subway system in Central Asia, it is a living museum of Soviet architecture and Uzbek decorative art. Each station is uniquely designed, from Kosmonavtlar with its cosmonaut-themed mosaics to Paxtakor with cotton motifs.

Emerge at Amir Timur Square, the heart of modern Tashkent. Surrounded by landmarks such as Hotel Uzbekistan, the Palace of International Forums, and the University of Law, the square is anchored by a bronze equestrian statue of Amir Timur, the great Central Asian conqueror and founder of the Timurid Empire. Take time to relax by the fountains, stroll through the green spaces, and - if time allows - visit the Amir Timur Museum (closed Mondays), whose striking dome is depicted on the 1,000-som banknote. Inside, discover fascinating exhibits on Timur’s life and legacy.

After the tour, be escorted to the hotel in Tashkent.

Take a morning train to explore Bukhara, a UNESCO site.

In this afternoon, go on an exploring of Bukhara, the Religious and Academic Capital of the Silk Road, to see its ancient mausoleums, fortress & mosque. In the afternoon, take a train to Samarkand, the Legendary Silk Road Crossroads founded 2,700 years ago.

First, pay a visit to the Ismail Samani Mausoleum, the oldest funerary building in Central Asian architecture. It's the 9th-10th-century resting place of the Samanid ruler Ismail Samani and is the only surviving monument from the Samanid era. Regarded as an iconic example of early Islamic architecture, you can admire its intricate brickwork, geometric patterns, and durable construction. You will notice the mausoleum draws elements from early Sogdian architecture (heavy corner buttresses) and Sassanid fire worship (circular brick suns & the canopy shape of sacred Zoroastrian temples). A quiet refuge in Samani Park, it reflects early Islamic artistry without excessive ornamentation.

Next, move to Chashma-Ayub Mausoleum to see the Spring of Holy Ayub. The mausoleum dates back to the 12th century (built by Karakhanid rulers) and features a tent-like Karakhanid-style roof. It consists of the mausoleum and a holy spring. Legend has it that the prophet Job struck his staff on the ground here, causing a spring to appear whose water then cured him of his many boils and ulcers. Today, it includes a Museum of Water about water management in Bukhara & a tap where pilgrims drink from the spring.

After that, head to explore the Ark of Bukhara (Ark Fortress), whose image was printed on Uzbekistan’s 2,000-som banknote. It is Bukhara’s ancient fortress, built the 5th c. AD, and rebuilt in the 16th–17th c. For centuries, it served as a royal town-within-a-town for Bukhara’s emirs. Its 11-meter-thick walls enclose museums, the 17th-century Coronation Mosque, a throne room, and prison cells. Outside, in front of the fortress, is medieval Bukhara’s main square, the Registan Square, a favourite venue for executions, including those of the British officers Stoddart and Conolly. Once a symbol of power, it now displays royal artifacts, weapons, and manuscripts. You can explore its labyrinthine chambers, climb the battlements for panoramic views of Bukhara, and learn about Bukhara’s medieval governance.

Located directly opposite the Ark of Bukhara, the Bolo Hauz Mosque (Mosque of the Forty Columns) is a stunning architectural gem. It is a royal mosque built in 1712, famed for its 20 intricately carved wooden pillars and their reflection in the adjacent "Forty Pillars" pond. Famous for its beautifully carved, brightly painted wooden columns and ornate ceiling, it once served as the emir’s Friday mosque. It is a peaceful spot to admire classic Uzbek artistry.

Stay overnight in Bukhara.

Bukhara is a compact, walkable city where nearly all monuments lie within 5 km of each other - perfect for a leisurely day of exploration.

This morning, board the train to Bukhara, a UNESCO World Heritage city often called the “Second Mecca.” With a history spanning over 2,500 years, Bukhara was one of the great hubs of the Silk Road, a thriving center of Islamic scholarship, and the legendary setting for many tales from One Thousand and One Nights.

Bukhara is a compact, walkable city where nearly all monuments lie within 5 km of each other - perfect for a leisurely day of exploration. After arrival, transfer to Chor Minor Madrasah, the famous “Four Minarets” whose unique towers, each with different decoration, are believed by some to represent the world’s four religions.

Continue to Lyabi Hauz Ensemble, the lively heart of 17th-century Bukhara. This square was built around a tranquil pool shaded by ancient mulberry trees and surrounded by three remarkable monuments: the Nadir Divan-Beghi Madrasah and Khanaka, and the Kukeldash Madrasah. Once a busy Silk Road trading hub, Lyabi Hauz remains vibrant today, with teahouses, artisans, and locals gathering around the charming statue of Khodja Nasreddin (Afandi), the beloved trickster-philosopher of Central Asian folklore.

Stroll through the historic Trading Domes, a series of 16th-century bazaars that once specialized in jewelry, currency exchange, hats, and carpets. Today, they are filled with stalls selling traditional crafts, textiles, and souvenirs, offering a lively glimpse into Bukhara’s mercantile past.

Your walking tour ends at the majestic Po-i-Kalyan Complex, the spiritual and architectural centerpiece of the city. The iconic Kalyan Minaret (built in 1127 and spared by Genghis Khan) towers 47 meters over the square, joined by the vast Kalyan Mosque - capable of holding 10,000 worshippers—and the stunning Mir-i-Arab Madrasah with its turquoise domes and intricate tilework.

Stay overnight in Bukhara.

After breakfast, bid farewell to Bukhara and make your way to the Farap Border for your journey into Turkmenistan. After completing customs and passport control on both sides, walk to the exit where your Turkmenistan guide and driver will be waiting.

From here, enjoy a scenic drive (about 239 km, 5-6 hours) through desert landscapes toward Ancient Merv - one of the most important Silk Road cities in history.

This afternoon, step into the past as you explore Ancient Merv, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the best-preserved oasis cities along the Silk Road. With more than 4,000 years of history, Merv reached its peak in the medieval era, when its population exceeded one million - earning it the titles “Queen of the World” and “Jewel of the Silk Road.”

Explore its vast 1,200-hectare archaeological park, where successive cities tell the story of Merv’s evolution: Erk Kala and Gyaur Kala (ancient), Sultan Kala (medieval), and Abdulla-Khan Kala and Bayram-Ali-Khan Kala (post-medieval). Visit the impressive 6th–9th century Big and Little Kyz-Kalas - striking examples of “corrugated” fortresses - and admire the stunning 12th-century mausoleums of Sultan Sanjar and Muhammad ibn-Zeyd, masterpieces of Seljuk architecture with beautiful brickwork and decoration.

After your exploration, transfer to nearby Mary for an overnight stay.

On this day, transfer to the Mary Airport for your morning flight to Ashgabat (about 40 mins). Pick you up at the airport.

After that, it's time to be transferred to the Darvaza Burning Gas Crater, a journey of 272km (4-5 hours). We'll travel through the Karakum Desert, with its moving sands and sparse vegetation. After turning off the main road, we'll begin an exciting eight-kilometer desert drive, which will bring us within a few hundred meters of the flaming crater. You've now arrived at the "Door to Hell"!

The crater was formed in 1971 when Soviet geologists were drilling for natural gas. The ground beneath their rig collapsed, leaving a large hole with a diameter of 60 meters and a depth of 20 meters. To prevent the release of poisonous gas, they decided to light it on fire, hoping it would burn itself out in a few days. The gas, however, is still burning today.

At daylight, the crater may seem like an ordinary hole in the ground, with a slight haze of smoke. We'll take a walk around the site while our barbecue dinner is being prepared. As dusk falls, the simple hole transforms into a spectacular "fire temple," creating an otherworldly atmosphere that will ignite your imagination. We'll finish the day with a taste of delicious nomadic food, with the flickering lights of the "eternal" fire.

Stay overnight in a traditional yurt camp. (Note: The camp provides basic, shared outdoor washing and toilet facilities.)

This morning, enjoy picnic-style breakfast at Darvaza in the desert. Afterward, drive back through the vast Karakum Desert and get back to Ashgabat (about 4-5 hours).

In this afternoon, you will explore the stunning city highlights and striking architectures of Ashgabat. Start your day at the Neutrality Monument. Built in 1998, this 75-meter-high, tripod-shaped arch symbolizes Turkmenistan's permanent neutrality, power, and commitment to peace and goodwill.

Next, you'll move to the National Museum of Turkmenistan. This magnificent museum is one of the largest in Central Asia. Its striking exterior is a huge white marble building with unique blue dome, golden statues, and grand colonnades. Magnificent and beautiful! With a collection of over 500,000 items, there's plenty to explore. You can view archaeological finds from important Silk Road sites like Nisa, Merv, and Gonur Depe. See ancient artifacts such as coins, weapons, fine pottery, and gold jewelry. Be sure to see the museum's prized treasure: the ancient rhytons. You'll also see traditional clothing and other exhibits that capture the national spirit.

Later, you'll see the Independence Monument within Independence Park. This beautiful park is home to many statues of Turkmen poets, thinkers, and national heroes. You can also marvel at the 118-meter monument, which was built to commemorate Turkmenistan's independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.

In this morning, you will have more time to explore this white marble city. Head to the Ertugrul Gazi Mosque. Built in the 1990s as a gift from the Turkish government, this magnificent mosque was constructed entirely in the style of the Ottoman Empire, and its exterior is very similar to Istanbul's famous Blue Mosque. Upon arrival, you'll be struck by its four towering minarets and a magnificent central dome, all built from solemn white marble. Once inside, you'll be amazed by the opulent decoration, including delicate gilded carvings, intricate mosaic tiles, and huge crystal chandeliers, creating sacred and serene atmosphere.

Later, you'll have a chance to explore the Horse Stables to see the national pride of the Turkmen people, the Akhal-Teke horses, revered as some of the most beautiful horses in the world. Known as "heavenly horses," their most prominent feature is their metallic sheen.

You can also visit Gulistan Bazaar to experience vivid local life as you explore stalls filled with fresh fruits, vegetables, spices, and daily necessities or even Turkmen carpet. Feel free to try some local food here if you like.

Afterward, you will be transferred to the airport for your flight to your next destination or to return home. Your 21 Days Central Asia tour concludes here. (Tip: Please inform us of your flight details so we can arrange your airport transfer accordingly.)

Tailored Experience in Central Asia: We can tailor Central Asia tour based on your preferred duration and interests.

Thank you for choosing Asia Odyssey Travel for your 5 Stans tour. We look forward to welcoming you back for your next adventure!