18 Days 5 Stans of Central Asia Tour: Flames, Lakes & Legends (Popular Route)

Welcome to Almaty, Kazakhstan’s Old Capital & Largest City! Upon your arrival at Almaty International Airport, your guide will greet you with a sign bearing your name at the arrivals gate. From there, it's about a 20 km drive to the downtown area. Enjoy your free time in Almaty.

Nestled at the foot of the majestic Trans-Ili Alatau mountain range, Almaty enchants travelers with its breathtaking natural setting, where snow-capped peaks are always in view. Known as the “Father of Apples” & “City of Apples”, it’s believed to be the genetic birthplace of modern apples. Spot whimsical apple art dotted all over Almaty - sweet, playful, and totally Instagram-worthy!

Once a pivotal city on the Silk Road, Almaty is celebrated for its relaxed, friendly vibe, making it a haven for hikers, foodies, and culture lovers. As Kazakhstan’s former capital (1929–1997), it retains a distinct Soviet-era charm, with leafy streets, grand avenues, and impressive cultural landmarks.

Almaty feels like a blend of European and Asian influences - clean, safe, and vibrant, with a multi-ethnic population of Kazakhs, Russians, Uyghurs, and Koreans. Be sure to try local delicacies like beshbarmak (a hearty meat and noodle dish) and shubat (fermented camel milk) for an authentic taste of nomadic heritage.

Free Time Ideas:
1.Almaty Metro Experience: It is a 18-meter-deep Soviet-era marvel. Ride affordable, scenic lines: Abay Station’s cultural murals, Zhibek Zholy’s art. See uniquely themed stations adorned with beautiful mosaics, murals & ornate chandeliers. It’s an artistic underground museum & a functional transit hub.
2.Abilkhan Kasteev State Art Museum: As the largest art museum in Kazakhstan, it showcases over 23,000 works from Kazakh folk art and renowned artists to Soviet-era masterpieces & European paintings. Must-sees include works by the museum's namesake, Abilkhan Kasteev, and a rich display of traditional Kazakh crafts.
3.Abay Opera House: Watch an evening performance (affordable) at one of Central Asia's oldest opera houses. It showcases world-class ballet & opera productions. Its elegant, Soviet-era architecture & grand interior provide a truly memorable cultural experience.
4.Night Life at Arbat Street: It is a vibrant pedestrian zone. Enjoy street performers, browse local art and crafts, and relax at one of its many cozy cafes. It's the perfect place to soak up the local culture.

Arrival Ideas:
1. For Flights: Almaty International Airport (ALA) is Kazakhstan’s busiest hub, offering direct flights from major cities like Istanbul, Dubai, Frankfurt, Seoul, Beijing, and Moscow. Check airlines like Lufthansa, Turkish Airlines, or Air Astana for the latest schedules and connections.
2.For Visas: Kazakhstan offers visa-free entry for citizens of over 80 countries, including the U.S., EU nations, the UK, Canada, Australia, and most of Asia. Others apply for an e-visa online - fast, simple, and ready for your adventure! Always confirm requirements with official government sources before your trip.

A full day exploring Almaty’s highlights! Today’s Almaty tour blends history, culture & nature: Central State Museum (history buffs’ paradise), Central Mosque (golden domes), Green Bazaar (food & local life), Panfilov Park (honor heroes), Zenkov Cathedral (wooden architecture), Folk Instruments Museum (Kazakh culture & musical tradition), Kok-Tobe Hill (panoramic views).

First, visit Central State Museum of Kazakhstan (Closed on Tuesdays), the landmark of Almaty. Designed by well-known architect Andrey Pavlochich Zenkov and constructed in 1904-1907, it is one of Central Asia's largest and oldest museums, which endured a strong earthquake in 1911. The museum has 3 floors with more than 200,000 exhibits spanning from the Stone Age to modern times, and it offers a deep dive into Kazakh history. Must-sees include the iconic Golden Man replica (4th-century BCE Saka armor; a national symbol of Kazakhstan), Mongol-era artifacts, and traditional nomadic costumes.

Then, pay a visit to the Central Mosque (Closed on Friday). The mosque has a capacity of up to 7,000 people, is one of the largest mosques in Kazakhstan. Minarets are located in the corners of the building, the domes of which are covered with real gold.

Nearby, the Green Bazaar (Zeleny Bazar), a 19th-century market, buzzes with local life and offers a wide array of snacks and souvenirs. Must-sees: vibrant stalls of spices, fruits (apples of different colors), and handmade crafts. Must-tries: juicy samsa (meat pies), tangy kurt (dried cheese), horse sausage (kazy), and delicious dairy treats.

In the afternoon, explore 28 Panfilov Guardsmen Park (Panfilov Park), a green oasis in Almaty. The park is named after Soviet General Ivan Panfilov, 28 soldiers are remembered for delaying the German advance into the Soviet capital of Moscow in 1941. "Great Russia, but nowhere to retreat. Moscow is behind us." These were the final words of political commissar Klochkov, a phrase that became legendary in Soviet history books. Stroll peaceful paths and honor the 28 WWII heroes at the solemn monument with an eternal flame. It shows us how hard war is and why we should care about peace.

Not far away, you’ll find the colorful Ascension Cathedral, also known as Zenkov Cathedral, in honor of its designer, the Russian architect Andrei Pavlovich Zenkov. This landmark inside Panfilov Park is one of the best photography spots in Almaty.

Completed in 1907, this Tsarist-era wooden building (56 meters tall) is the second-tallest wooden church in the world. As a prime example of a Russian Orthodox church built without a single nail, it remarkably survived the devastating 1911 earthquake (magnitude 7.7) with minimal damage.

During the Soviet period, the cathedral was used to house a museum and a radio tower. Today, it accommodates 1,800 people and hosts regular services. Must-sees include the vibrant interior murals, the intricate iconostasis, and the historic bell tower. Its peaceful ambiance makes it a perfect place for contemplation.

Nearby, you can visit the Kazakh Museum of Folk Musical Instruments (Closed on Mondays), which was once the House of Officers. The wooden Russian-style building, erected in 1908, was designed by the same architect as the cathedral, Andrei Pavlovich Zenkov.

Kazakhstan is a multi-ethnic country with a long and rich musical history. You can explore over 1,000 instruments here, including Kazakh national musical instruments like wooden harps, horns, bagpipes, the lute-like two-stringed dombra, and the viola-like kobyz. Some were once played by famous composers. You may get a chance to enjoy live performances and interactive exhibits that celebrate the soul of Kazakh music. It's a must for music lovers.

At last, time to reach Kok-Tobe Hill, a symbol of Almaty. With an elevation of 1,100 meters, the hill offers breathtaking views of Almaty city & the snow-capped Shymbulak Mountain (Tianshan Mountains). Ride the scenic cable car, visit the Beatles monument, and snap photos of the iconic TV tower (372 meters tall). Enjoy the amusement park (self-pay; Ferris wheel & mini-zoo), souvenir shops, and local dining. It’s perfect for photography (sunset), relaxation, and family fun amidst nature!

Overnight in Almaty.

This morning, depart Almaty for an exciting journey to Charyn Canyon National Park (approx. 200 km, 3.5 hours). Known as the “Grand Canyon of Central Asia,” Charyn Canyon is a natural wonder shaped over 12 million years by wind and the Charyn River. Its colorful sedimentary layers reveal a fascinating geologic history - from prehistoric lake beds to ancient river systems.

The park’s highlight is the Valley of Castles (Dolina Zamkov), where wind-sculpted rock towers resemble ancient fortresses and fairy-tale spires. Take a leisurely 2–3 km walk along the canyon floor, surrounded by dramatic cliffs glowing in shades of red, orange, and gold. At the end of the trail, the canyon opens up to the Charyn River, a peaceful spot perfect for a break - enjoy your packed lunch or simply sit back and soak in the views.

Charyn Canyon National Park stretches 154 km along the river, with diverse landscapes ranging from semi-desert to lush riverbanks and pockets of forest, all framed by the distant, snow-capped Tian Shan Mountains. Keep an eye out for local wildlife, such as foxes, hares, eagles, and lizards.

After exploring this breathtaking natural site, return to Almaty in the late afternoon.

On this day, you will head to the airport in Almaty for your flight to Bishkek.

Welcome to Kyrgyzstan! Often called the "Switzerland of Central Asia," Kyrgyzstan is famous for its breathtaking natural beauty and nomadic culture. Bishkek, the capital, is filled with Soviet-era charm and lush greenery.

Upon landing at Manas International Airport (FRU) in Bishkek, your local driver will be waiting to transfer you to your downtown hotel. (Tip: the airport is about 32 km northwest of Bishkek, 40min to 1-hour drive.) After checking in, you'll have time to rest and refresh.

This afternoon, enjoy a half-day Bishkek city tour. Highlights include:

Begin at the city's main square - Ala-Too Square. See the imposing statue of Manas, the legendary national hero, as well as the Government House and the national flagpole. At certain times, you may also witness military changing-of-the-guard ceremony.

From the square, walk to beautiful Oak Park, a quiet retreat in the city center with centuries-old oak trees and a collection of sculptures.

Located near the park, visit State Historical Museum. this museum offers an excellent introduction to Kyrgyzstan's rich history and culture. Inside, you'll find over 80,000 artifacts and gain insight into the lives of ancient nomadic peoples. Exhibits include a full-scale Kyrgyz yurt and various handicrafts made from felt, leather, wood, and wool. You can also admire intricate traditional clothing, embroidery, and horse gear, and learn about the country's history during the Russian Empire and Soviet periods.

Osh Bazaar is yourlast stop. Experience local life and browse everything from fresh produce, spices, and dried fruits to traditional clothing, handicrafts, and carpets.

Transfer back to your hotel in Bishkek.

After breakfast, your journey will take you east from Bishkek towards Issyk-Kul, the world's second-largest high-altitude lake.

En route, you'll visit the Burana Tower. This historic site, originally built in the 11th century, was once part of Balasagun, the ancient capital of the Kara-Khanid Khanate. You can climb to the top of the tower to get a spectacular view of the surrounding ruins and the distant snow-capped mountains. On the ground, you can walk among the Balbals, stone figures that are medieval Turkic nomadic gravestones, offering a fascinating glimpse into the region's ancient past.

Afterward, continue your drive to Cholpon-Ata (3-hour drive), on the northern shore of Issyk-Kul. You'll check in to your hotel, and the rest of the day will be yours to relax and enjoy the beautiful lake.

Issyk-Kul is the "Pearl of Central Asia"! The lake's name means "warm lake" in Kyrgyz, as its saltwater composition keeps it from freezing even at an altitude of 1,607 meters. Its crystal-clear waters give you the feeling of being on the seashore.

Ideas for Free Time at Issyk-Kul Lake:

(1) Relax or Swim: Head to the golden sandy beaches to sunbathe or swim in the warm, clear water. (2) Take a Boat Trip: Go to the pier and take a boat out onto the lake to admire the magnificent views of the surrounding snow-capped mountains.

Enjoy breakfast at your hotel. After that, you'll visit the Petroglyphs Museum. This open-air museum (42 hectares) is set on vast land with the majestic Tianshan Mountain range as backdrop. Here, you'll find ancient petroglyphs carved on massive black basalt stones, which are dated from the 2nd millennium BC until the 4th century AD. These carvings depict animals like wolves and snow leopards, as well as hunting and sacrificial scenes.

Later, you'll head towards the Grigoriev to enjoy natural beauty. They are the famous gorge on the northern shore of Issyk-Kul.

Grigoriev Gorge is larger in scale and known for its dense spruce forests. Deep in the gorge, you'll find a vast alpine pasture where you can take photos from various viewpoints along the winding road. If you enjoy hiking, you can take a short trek by the lake or in the pasture.

After the tour, you will be transferred back to Bishkek (about 302, 5 hours’ drive). Have a good rest in Bishkek.

In this morning, you will be escorted to the airport in Bishkek for your flight to Tashkent (about 20 mins).

Welcome to Tashkent, Uzbekistan’s vibrant capital and largest city! This modern metropolis is the perfect gateway to the country’s Silk Road wonders, seamlessly blending Soviet-era grandeur with contemporary spirit.

Upon landing at Tashkent International Airport, your guide will meet you at the arrival gate, holding a sign with your name. From there, transfer to your downtown hotel, and check in your hotel. (Tip: the airport is located just about 7 km southeast of the city center, a quick and easy transfer.)

Half-day City Tour in Tashkent:

This afternoon, explore Tashkent, a city where centuries-old traditions meet modern charm. Begin your day in the Old City at the Khast-Imam Complex, the spiritual heart of Tashkent. This serene ensemble of blue-domed mosques, mausoleums, and madrasahs invites you to step back in time. Here you’ll find the elegant Hazrati Imam Mosque, whose twin 53-meter minarets and gold-leafed domes dominate the square, as well as the Tillya Sheikh Mosque, Barak Khan Madrasah, and the Mausoleum of Abu Bakr Kaffal Shashi, a 10th-century scholar, poet, and locksmith-saint after whom the complex is named. Be sure to visit the Mui Muborak Library, home to the revered 7th-century Osman Qur’an - one of the world’s oldest copies.

After soaking up the complex’s peaceful atmosphere, stroll through Barak Khan Madrasah, now home to artisan workshops and boutiques. Watch local masters create ikat fabrics, woodcarvings, pottery, and jewelry, giving you a chance to bring home a unique handmade souvenir.

Next, head to the iconic Chorsu Bazaar, a sensory feast under its massive turquoise dome. Browse stalls piled high with fresh produce, fragrant spices, dried fruits, and traditional breads straight from the tandoor. Take time to sample street snacks, chat with friendly vendors, and soak up the lively atmosphere of daily Tashkent life.

In the afternoon, descend underground for a ride on the Tashkent Metro - an experience in itself. As the first subway system in Central Asia, it is a living museum of Soviet architecture and Uzbek decorative art. Each station is uniquely designed, from Kosmonavtlar with its cosmonaut-themed mosaics to Paxtakor with cotton motifs.

Emerge at Amir Timur Square, the heart of modern Tashkent. Surrounded by landmarks such as Hotel Uzbekistan, the Palace of International Forums, and the University of Law, the square is anchored by a bronze equestrian statue of Amir Timur, the great Central Asian conqueror and founder of the Timurid Empire. Take time to relax by the fountains, stroll through the green spaces, and - if time allows - visit the Amir Timur Museum (closed Mondays), whose striking dome is depicted on the 1,000-som banknote. Inside, discover fascinating exhibits on Timur’s life and legacy.

After the tour, be escorted to the hotel in Tashkent.

Begin your day with a morning flight to Urgench International Airport, followed by a short 36 km transfer to Khiva, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The contrast is striking: leaving behind modern Tashkent, the Silk Road’s gateway, you step into a city that feels frozen in time. Once a thriving Silk Road hub in the 16th century, Khiva blended Persian, Turkic, and Russian influences, becoming a safe haven for traders and scholars.

“I would offer a bag of gold merely to catch a glimpse of Khiva.” This well-known Central Asian saying perfectly captures the city’s legendary allure. Khiva is a living “open-air museum,” a place where stepping through its gates feels like traveling back to the medieval era.

The highlight of Khiva is Itchan Kala, the perfectly preserved inner-walled city of the Khwarezm Empire (10th-17th centuries). Enclosed by 10-meter-high mud-brick walls, this UNESCO World Heritage site covers just 26 hectares and is home to about 2,000 residents. All its treasures - palaces, mosques, madrasahs, minarets, and mausoleums - lie within a walkable 1-kilometer radius, making it easy to explore on foot in half a day.

After breakfast, follow your guide through the Ata Darvaza (West Gate) to begin your journey through Khiva’s most iconic landmarks. Admire the turquoise-glazed Kalta Minor Minaret (the “Short Minaret”) and the nearby Muhammad Amin Khan Madrasah, the largest in Khiva. Continue to the peaceful Sayid Allauddin Mausoleum (14th century) and the Pakhlavan Makhmud Mausoleum, the holiest site in Khiva with its striking turquoise domes.

Climb (optional, self-pay) the Islam Khoja Minaret - at 57 meters tall, it offers breathtaking panoramic views over the city. Step into the Juma Mosque (Friday Mosque) with its mesmerizing forest of 218 wooden columns, and admire the intricate tilework at Allakuli Khan Madrasah. Explore the elegant Tosh Hovli Palace (Stone Palace) with its harem quarters and mirrored halls, and visit the Mohammed Rakhim Khan Madrasa for a glimpse of Khiva’s cultural history.

Also, explore Kuhna Ark (Old Fortress), a 17th-century citadel where you can see the khans’ harem, mint, stables, arsenal, mosque, and jail. If time permits, walk along the Itchan Kala walls (self-pay) for unforgettable panoramic views - a perfect spot to watch the sunset over Khiva’s timeless skyline. (Fun fact: Itchan Kala is featured on the 100,000 Uzbekistani som banknote!)

This evening, you will stay in Khiva.

After breakfast, you’ll cross from Khiva into Turkmenistan at the Shavat Border Point. Our Turkmenistan guide and driver will be waiting to escort you for the remainder of the day’s sightseeing. You will continue to Kunya-Urgench.

Located in northwestern Turkmenistan, Kunya-Urgench was once one of Central Asia’s most prosperous cities and the capital of the powerful Khwarazmian Empire. It reached its peak in the 11th-12th centuries as both a major Silk Road trade hub and a leading center of science, culture, and art in the Islamic world. Many renowned scholars worked here, making it a city to rival Bukhara and Samarkand. Today, what you see are ancient ruins (dating from the 11th to 16th centuries) scattered across the desert landscape, but the site is in fact recognized as an important UNESCO World Heritage Site (since 2005). It is a place where you can trace the diverse methods and decorative styles of Islamic architecture in Central Asia.

On arrival, begin your visit at the Kutlug-Timur Minaret, soaring 60 meters high and the tallest structure on site. Continue to the Mausoleum of Sultan Tekesh (12th century), noted for its distinctive conical dome. Then explore the highlight of the complex, the Mausoleum of Turabeg Khanum (14th century), one of the most magnificent in the city. Take time to step inside and admire its breathtaking dome and intricate decorations. Also visit the Mausoleum of Il Arslan (12th century), where the square base and decorative brickwork reflect early Islamic architecture.

After the tour, drive south through the vast Karakum Desert to Darvaza Gas Crater (276 km, about 5 hours). You've now arrived at the "Door to Hell"!

The crater was formed in 1971 when Soviet geologists were drilling for natural gas. The ground beneath their rig collapsed, leaving a large hole with a diameter of 60 meters and a depth of 20 meters. To prevent the release of poisonous gas, they decided to light it on fire, hoping it would burn itself out in a few days. The gas, however, is still burning today.

At daylight, the crater may seem like an ordinary hole in the ground, with a slight haze of smoke. We'll take a walk around the site while our barbecue dinner is being prepared. As dusk falls, the simple hole transforms into a spectacular "fire temple," creating an otherworldly atmosphere that will ignite your imagination. We'll finish the day with a taste of delicious nomadic food, with the flickering lights of the "eternal" fire.

Stay overnight in a traditional yurt camp. (Note: The camp provides basic, shared outdoor washing and toilet facilities.)

This morning, enjoy picnic-style breakfast at Darvaza in the desert. Afterward, drive back through the vast Karakum Desert and get back to Ashgabat (about 4-5 hours).

Ashgabat, the capital, is a pure white world, truly unique. It has been recognized by the Guinness World Records as the city with the highest density of white marble buildings. More than 500 structures are decorated with shining marble. Your driver will take you on a ride through these white giants, making you feel as if you’ve entered film-like world, similar to The Truman Show. Today, begin your adventure in Ashgabat.

In this afternoon, you will have more time to explore this white marble city. Head to the Ertugrul Gazi Mosque. Built in the 1990s as a gift from the Turkish government, this magnificent mosque was constructed entirely in the style of the Ottoman Empire, and its exterior is very similar to Istanbul's famous Blue Mosque. Upon arrival, you'll be struck by its four towering minarets and a magnificent central dome, all built from solemn white marble. Once inside, you'll be amazed by the opulent decoration, including delicate gilded carvings, intricate mosaic tiles, and huge crystal chandeliers, creating sacred and serene atmosphere.

Later, you'll have a chance to explore the Horse Stables to see the national pride of the Turkmen people, the Akhal-Teke horses, revered as some of the most beautiful horses in the world. Known as "heavenly horses," their most prominent feature is their metallic sheen.

You can also visit Gulistan Bazaar to experience vivid local life as you explore stalls filled with fresh fruits, vegetables, spices, and daily necessities or even Turkmen carpet. Feel free to try some local food here if you like.

Stay overnight in Ashgabat.

After breakfast, set out to explore the architectural marvels and cultural highlights of Ashgabat, famously known as the “White City” for its gleaming marble-clad buildings.

Begin at the Neutrality Monument, a striking 75-meter-high, tripod-shaped arch built in 1998 to symbolize Turkmenistan’s permanent neutrality and its commitment to peace and goodwill. From its viewing platform, enjoy sweeping panoramas of the capital.

Continue to the National Museum of Turkmenistan, one of Central Asia’s finest museums. Its white-marble exterior, crowned by a brilliant blue dome and golden statues, is as impressive as the treasures inside. With over 500,000 artifacts on display, you’ll discover archaeological finds from legendary Silk Road sites like Nisa, Merv, and Gonur Depe. Admire coins, weapons, pottery, and exquisite gold jewelry, along with traditional clothing that tells the story of Turkmen heritage. Don’t miss the museum’s star exhibits - the ancient rhytons, ceremonial drinking vessels of extraordinary beauty.

Next, stroll through Independence Park, home to statues of poets, philosophers, and national heroes, and marvel at the soaring Independence Monument, a 118-meter masterpiece built to commemorate Turkmenistan’s independence in 1991.

In the afternoon, see more of Ashgabat’s futuristic skyline. Make a brief stop to admire the Alem Cultural and Entertainment Center - featuring the world’s largest indoor Ferris wheel - and the distinctive Palace of Happiness, whose design resembles an eight-pointed star embracing a globe.

Later, visit the Turkmen Carpet Museum, where you can admire the world’s largest handwoven carpet (301 m², recognized by the Guinness World Records), discover the intricate weaving techniques passed down for generations, and learn about the symbolism behind traditional patterns.

Conclude your day at the impressive Kipchak Mosque (also called the Turkmenbashi Ruhy Mosque), a breathtaking blend of traditional Islamic architecture and modern design. Its white marble façade, golden dome, and four towering minarets create a majestic silhouette. Inside, admire glittering chandeliers, intricate geometric patterns, and inscriptions from both the Quran and the Ruhnama (Book of the Soul) written by Turkmenistan’s first president.

After this full-day exploration, return to your hotel in Ashgabat.

After breakfast, you will be escorted to the Ashgabat airport for your flight to Mary (312km, 40 minutes). Tip: A one-way drive would take about 4-5 hours, covering 372 km.

Upon arrival at Mary International Airport, our driver will pick you up and transfer you to Ancient Merv, located 33km northeast of Mary. This UNESCO World Heritage site is the oldest and best-preserved of the oasis-cities along the Silk Route in Central Asia. It has spanned over 4,000 years’ history. During the medieval period, its population exceeded one million, making it one of the largest cities in the world. It was known as the "Queen of the World" and the "Jewel of the Silk Road."

Within the vast 1,200-hectare archaeological park, you'll have the chance to observe all the constituent parts of this "wandering city." The site consists of a series of adjacent cities, roughly divided into the ancient (Erk Kala and Gyaur Kala), the medieval (Sultan Kala), and the post-medieval (Abdulla-Khan Kala and Bayram-Ali-Khan Kala). Besides these remnants, you'll also visit the 6th-9th century AD forts of Big and Little Kyz-Kalas, which are excellent examples of the so-called "corrugated Koshks." You'll also explore the splendid 12th-century mausoleums of Sultan Sanjar and Muhammed ibn-Zeyd, which demonstrate exquisite Seljuk-period brickwork and architectural décor.

This afternoon, depart Merv for the Farap border crossing on the Turkmenistan–Uzbekistan frontier, located northeast of Merv (about 239 km, 5-6 hours’ drive).

After completing customs and passport control on both sides of the border, proceed to the exit of the border control area, where your Uzbekistan guide/driver will be waiting to greet you with a sign bearing your name.

From here, continue your journey to Bukhara (about 123 km, 2 hours). Upon arrival in Bukhara, check in to your hotel and enjoy good rest before tomorrow’s exploration of this legendary Silk Road city.

Today, follow our guide to fully explore Bukhara, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most atmospheric cities along the Silk Road. Often called the “Second Mecca,” Bukhara has been a center of Islamic learning for centuries and is famous for its 2,500-year-old history as a Silk Road hub, from the era of the Samanids to the Timurids. This legendary city is also tied to the tales of One Thousand and One Nights and is the home of the beloved folk character Afandi.

Bukhara is wonderfully walkable - most of its landmarks are within a compact 6 km stretch - making it easy to immerse yourself in its living history, lively bazaars, and warm local atmosphere.

Your exploration begins at Chor Minor Madrasah, the four-towered gem that once graced the cover of Lonely Planet Central Asia. Built in 1807 by the wealthy merchant Khalif Niyazkul, its four unique minarets are believed to represent the four major religions of the world, with decorations that some interpret as Buddhist prayer wheels, Christian crosses, Zoroastrian motifs, and Islamic patterns. This charming structure is all that remains of a once-grand madrasa complex.

Continue to Lyabi Hauz Ensemble, the beating heart of Bukhara since the 17th century. Built around a peaceful pool shaded by mulberry trees, this square was once a lively Silk Road trading hub. Its three surrounding monuments - the Nadir Divan-Beghi Madrasah, the Nadir Divan-Beghi Khanaka (Sufi hospice), and the Kukeldash Madrasah - are masterpieces of Central Asian architecture. Today, Lyabi Hauz remains the social center of the city, lined with cafes where locals sip tea and travelers watch the world go by. Don’t miss the playful statue of Khodja Nasreddin (Afandi), the wise fool of Sufi legend, riding his donkey.

Nearby is the Magoki Attori Mosque, Bukhara’s oldest surviving mosque, dating back to the 9th–10th centuries. Situated 4.5 meters below ground level, this mosque is a true archaeological wonder, displaying ancient brickwork and terracotta ornamentation. It now houses a small carpet museum (admission self-pay).

From there, stroll through Bukhara’s famous Trading Domes, a network of 16th-century domed bazaars - Toki-Zargaron, Toki-Sarrofon, Telpak-Furushon, and Tim Abdullah Khan. Once bustling hubs for jewelers, money changers, and silk merchants, they still sell traditional crafts, carpets, and souvenirs, allowing you to experience Bukhara’s mercantile spirit firsthand.

Next, reach the Po-i-Kalyan Complex, the iconic centerpiece of Bukhara’s skyline. Here you will admire the 47-meter-high Kalyan Minaret - so magnificent that Genghis Khan spared it from destruction. The adjacent Kalyan Mosque, with its 288 domes and capacity for 10,000 worshippers, and the Mir-i-Arab Madrasah, with its turquoise domes and active Islamic school, together form one of Central Asia’s most stunning architectural ensembles.

Your final stops are the Ark of Bukhara, the ancient fortress that served as the royal residence for centuries, and the nearby Bolo Hauz Mosque, known as the “Mosque of Forty Columns” for its 20 exquisitely carved wooden pillars reflected in the pool in front. Inside the Ark, explore its throne room, coronation mosque, and museums, or climb to the top for sweeping views over the city.

Optional sunset tip: For an unforgettable end to your day, watch the sunset from the Ark’s walls or a rooftop near Po-i-Kalyan. As the minarets glow golden and the call to prayer echoes across the old city, Bukhara feels truly timeless.

This morning, continue your journey through Bukhara, the Religious and Academic Capital of the Silk Road, as you explore its palaces and mausoleums. Later this afternoon, board a comfortable train to Samarkand, the legendary Silk Road crossroads founded over 2,700 years ago.

Begin with a visit to the Sitorai Mokhi Khosa Palace, the summer residence of Bukhara’s last emirs, located just 4 km outside the city. Its name poetically means “Palace of the Stars and the Moon.” The current palace, built between 1912 and 1918, perfectly blends Russian and Bukhara styles, offering a fascinating glimpse into royal life on the eve of the 20th century. Stroll through its lavishly decorated rooms, including the famous White Hall with its ganch carving set against mirrored walls, and admire the displays of Chinese porcelain, palace furniture, and embroidered national dress. Outside, enjoy the palace’s 7-hectare gardens where peacocks still wander freely, as they did a century ago.

Continue to the Ismail Samani Mausoleum, one of Central Asia’s most important architectural treasures and the only surviving monument of the Samanid dynasty (9th–10th c.). This cube-like brick mausoleum is a masterpiece of early Islamic architecture, combining durability with artistic elegance. Its intricate brick patterns and Zoroastrian-influenced forms create a quiet, meditative atmosphere within Samani Park - a serene spot to reflect on Bukhara’s ancient history.

Next, visit the Chashma-Ayub Mausoleum, also known as the “Spring of Holy Job.” Built by the Karakhanids in the 12th century, this unique structure is crowned with a tent-like roof. According to legend, the prophet Job struck the ground with his staff here, causing a spring to appear whose waters healed him. Today, visitors can see the holy spring, taste its water, and explore the small Museum of Water, which chronicles Bukhara’s historic irrigation systems.

In the afternoon, transfer to the Bukhara Railway Station for your train to Samarkand (about 2.5 hours). Upon arrival, transfer to your hotel and check in for an overnight stay.

Evening Tip:

If time allows, head to Registan Square after dark. The golden-lit madrasahs and enchanting light shows create a magical, almost surreal atmosphere - perfect for soaking in the spirit of Samarkand and capturing stunning photos.

Today, immerse yourself in Samarkand, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the former capital of the Timurid Empire (14th–15th centuries). Known as Uzbekistan’s cultural heart and second-largest city, Samarkand dazzles visitors with its monumental architecture, Silk Road legends, and vibrant bazaars. From the majestic Gur-e Amir Mausoleum to the iconic Registan Square, the grand Bibi Khanim Mosque, the breathtaking Shahi Zinda Necropolis, and the lively Siyab Bazaar, you will discover a city that celebrates the glory and power of the Timurid dynasty.

Begin at Gur-e Amir Mausoleum, the final resting place of Amir Timur (Tamerlane), completed in 1404. This striking monument, crowned with a ribbed azure dome, served as a prototype for later Mughal architecture, including India’s Taj Mahal. Step inside to marvel at its gilded interior, intricate jade tombstones, and delicate calligraphy. Look for Timur’s legendary grave marker, said to carry a warning: “Whosoever disturbs my tomb will unleash an invader more terrible than I.” When Soviet archaeologists opened the tomb in June 1941, Nazi Germany invaded the USSR days later - a story that adds an air of mystery to your visit.

Next, head to Registan Square, the heart of Samarkand and one of the Silk Road’s most magnificent sights. Once a sandy gathering place for royal decrees, military parades, and festivals, it is now flanked by three resplendent madrasahs: Ulugh Beg Madrasa (1420), with its starry celestial mosaics; Sher-Dor Madrasa (1619), famed for its unique lion mosaics; and Tilya-Kori Madrasa (1660), with a dazzling gold-leaf dome that graces the cover of many guidebooks. By day, Registan is a masterpiece of symmetry and tilework; by night, it transforms under magical illuminations - a perfect spot for photography.

Continue to the monumental Bibi Khanim Mosque, one of the largest in the Islamic world. Built in 1404 to honor Timur’s wife, the mosque is steeped in legend - including the tale of the architect who dared to kiss Bibi Khanim and met Timur’s wrath. Step inside to admire gilded decorations inspired by local embroidery traditions.

Right nearby lies Siyab Bazaar, where you can sample Samarkand’s famous round bread, dried fruits, and spices while mingling with locals - a lively reminder that Samarkand was once a key Silk Road trading hub.

End your day with a stroll through Shahi Zinda Necropolis, an extraordinary “avenue of mausoleums” climbing a hillside. This necropolis, dating from the 11th to 15th centuries, contains some of the finest examples of Timurid-era tilework and the tombs of Timur’s female relatives and high-ranking nobles. The site is also believed to house the grave of Qutham ibn Abbas, cousin of Prophet Muhammad, making it a revered pilgrimage site. With its brilliant turquoise domes and intricate mosaics, Shahi Zinda is not just a spiritual landmark but also one of Samarkand’s most photogenic spots.

This morning, you will transfer from your hotel in Samarkand to the Uzbekistan–Tajikistan border at Jartepa (50 km, about 1 hour). After completing customs and passport control on both sides, simply walk to the exit of the border control area.

Here, your Tajik guide and driver will be waiting for you with a sign displaying your name. After a warm welcome, you will set off on a short drive (20 km, about 30 minutes) to reach Penjikent, your first destination in Tajikistan.

Known as the “Pompeii of Central Asia,” Penjikent was once a major center of the ancient Sogdian civilization. Between the 5th and 8th centuries, this city thrived as a cultural and commercial hub on the Silk Road. The Sogdians were known as the “soul of the Silk Road,” dominating trade across Eurasia - from Chinese silk to Western glassware and Indian spices.

Upon arrival, check in at your hotel and begin exploring Penjikent. Start with the Rudaki Museum, home to thousands of artifacts unearthed from local excavations - pottery, coins, sculptures, and tools - which vividly depict the Sogdian way of life. Here you’ll discover their art, clothing, mythology, and even scenes of feasts and rituals.

Next, visit the Ancient Penjikent Ruins, the remarkably preserved remains of a complete 5th–8th century Sogdian city. As you walk among the mud-brick foundations of palaces, residential quarters, temples, and fortifications, you can clearly visualize the city’s original layout and imagine the bustling life of the Silk Road era.

Travel Note: As you head deeper into the Fann Mountains, expect simpler tourist infrastructure. Tonight, you will stay in the best available local hotel, but with more basic amenities compared to the big cities. Consider this part of the adventure and a chance to experience authentic Tajik hospitality.

After breakfast, set out on an unforgettable full-day adventure to explore Tajikistan’s legendary Seven Lakes, known locally as Haftkul or the Marguzor Lakes. These seven glacier-fed lakes are strung together by a single river, like a sparkling necklace laid across the valley floor.

Your journey begins with a bumpy but scenic drive into the mountains. Though the Seven Lakes are not far from Penjikent, the rugged road makes this a full-day trip. As you travel deeper into the valley, you’ll pass the first five lakes - Nejigon, Soya, Gushor, Nofin, and Khurdak - each with its own distinct color, ranging from pale green to vivid turquoise and deep blue. It’s like nature’s own painter’s palette.

Light Hike from the Sixth to the Seventh of the Seven Lakes:

You’ll reach Marguzor, the sixth and largest lake, a dazzling expanse of sapphire water framed by dramatic peaks. From here, take an easy two-hour round-trip hike to Hazorchashma, the seventh and highest lake, whose name means “A Thousand Springs.” The water here is crystal clear, and the surrounding atmosphere feels serene and untouched.

Enjoy a picnic by the lakeshore, soak in the alpine views, and perhaps take a short stroll through the nearby villages to experience the simple, authentic rhythm of Tajik mountain life.

In the afternoon, cross border into Uzbekistan and transfer to Samarkand for overnight.

On this day, transfer from Samarkand to Tashkent by train. Afterward, you will be transferred to the airport for your flight to your next destination or to return home. Your 18 Days Central Asia tour concludes here. (Tip: Please inform us of your flight details so we can arrange your airport transfer accordingly.)

Tailored Experience in Central Asia: We can tailor Central Asia tour based on your preferred duration and interests.

Thank you for choosing Asia Odyssey Travel for your 5 Stans tour. We look forward to welcoming you back for your next adventure!