22 Days 5 Stans of Central Asia Tour: Best in Autumn (Starting in Turkmenistan)

Hello friend, welcome to Turkmenistan! This fascinating country borders Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan to the north and northeast. Among the five “Stans,” Turkmenistan offers you white-marble capital, the famous Door to Hell, and Silk Road relics. Get ready for a journey filled with mystery, surreal cityscapes, and glorious past.

Upon arrival at Ashgabat International Airport (ASB), your local guide and driver will be waiting to transfer you to your downtown hotel. (Tip: the airport is about 10 km northwest of Ashgabat, around 20-minute drive.)

Arrival Ideas to Ashgabat (Flights Available):

Many international flights connect to Turkmenistan, though not on a daily basis. You can fly nonstop to Ashgabat from cities such as Moscow (4h), Istanbul (4h 15m), London (7h 10m), Milan (6h 20m), Frankfurt (7h 5m), Dubai (2h 30m), Bangkok (6h 45m), Beijing (6h), Urumqi (3h 25m), Seoul (7h 40m), Ho Chi Minh City (8h 20m), Delhi (3h 40m), and Kuala Lumpur (8h 10m), and more. Tell us your departure city, and we’ll help you find the best flight options.

Ashgabat, the capital, is a pure white world, truly unique. It has been recognized by the Guinness World Records as the city with the highest density of white marble buildings. More than 500 structures are decorated with shining marble. Your driver will take you on a ride through these white giants, making you feel as if you’ve entered film-like world, similar to The Truman Show. Along the way, you’ll pass the Wedding Palace, designed in the shape of an octagonal star and certified as the world’s largest star-shaped building. Upon arrival, check in to your hotel and enjoy a good rest today.

In this morning, you will explore the stunning city highlights and striking architectures of Ashgabat. Start your day at the Neutrality Monument. Built in 1998, this 75-meter-high, tripod-shaped arch symbolizes Turkmenistan's permanent neutrality, power, and commitment to peace and goodwill.

Next, you'll move to the National Museum of Turkmenistan. This magnificent museum is one of the largest in Central Asia. Its striking exterior is a huge white marble building with unique blue dome, golden statues, and grand colonnades. Magnificent and beautiful! With a collection of over 500,000 items, there's plenty to explore. You can view archaeological finds from important Silk Road sites like Nisa, Merv, and Gonur Depe. See ancient artifacts such as coins, weapons, fine pottery, and gold jewelry. Be sure to see the museum's prized treasure: the ancient rhytons. You'll also see traditional clothing and other exhibits that capture the national spirit.

Later, you'll see the Independence Monument within Independence Park. This beautiful park is home to many statues of Turkmen poets, thinkers, and national heroes. You can also marvel at the 118-meter monument, which was built to commemorate Turkmenistan's independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.

After the city tour, it's time to be transferred to the Darvaza Burning Gas Crater, a journey of 272km (4-5 hours). We'll travel through the Karakum Desert, with its moving sands and sparse vegetation. After turning off the main road, we'll begin an exciting eight-kilometer desert drive, which will bring us within a few hundred meters of the flaming crater. You've now arrived at the "Door to Hell"!

The crater was formed in 1971 when Soviet geologists were drilling for natural gas. The ground beneath their rig collapsed, leaving a large hole with a diameter of 60 meters and a depth of 20 meters. To prevent the release of poisonous gas, they decided to light it on fire, hoping it would burn itself out in a few days. The gas, however, is still burning today.

At daylight, the crater may seem like an ordinary hole in the ground, with a slight haze of smoke. We'll take a walk around the site while our barbecue dinner is being prepared. As dusk falls, the simple hole transforms into a spectacular "fire temple," creating an otherworldly atmosphere that will ignite your imagination. We'll finish the day with a taste of delicious nomadic food, with the flickering lights of the "eternal" fire.

Stay overnight in a traditional yurt camp. (Note: The camp provides basic, shared outdoor washing and toilet facilities.)

This morning, enjoy picnic-style breakfast at Darvaza in the desert. Afterward, drive back through the vast Karakum Desert and get back to Ashgabat (about 4-5 hours).

In this afternoon, you will have more time to explore this white marble city. Head to the Ertugrul Gazi Mosque. Built in the 1990s as a gift from the Turkish government, this magnificent mosque was constructed entirely in the style of the Ottoman Empire, and its exterior is very similar to Istanbul's famous Blue Mosque. Upon arrival, you'll be struck by its four towering minarets and a magnificent central dome, all built from solemn white marble. Once inside, you'll be amazed by the opulent decoration, including delicate gilded carvings, intricate mosaic tiles, and huge crystal chandeliers, creating sacred and serene atmosphere.

Later, you'll have a chance to explore the Horse Stables to see the national pride of the Turkmen people, the Akhal-Teke horses, revered as some of the most beautiful horses in the world. Known as "heavenly horses," their most prominent feature is their metallic sheen.

You can also visit Gulistan Bazaar to experience vivid local life as you explore stalls filled with fresh fruits, vegetables, spices, and daily necessities or even Turkmen carpet. Feel free to try some local food here if you like.

Stay overnight in Ashgabat.

After breakfast, you will be escorted to the Ashgabat airport for your flight to Mary (312km, 40 minutes). Tip: A one-way drive would take about 4-5 hours, covering 372 km.

Upon arrival at Mary International Airport, our driver will pick you up and transfer you to Ancient Merv, located 33km northeast of Mary. This UNESCO World Heritage site is the oldest and best-preserved of the oasis-cities along the Silk Route in Central Asia. It has spanned over 4,000 years’ history. During the medieval period, its population exceeded one million, making it one of the largest cities in the world. It was known as the "Queen of the World" and the "Jewel of the Silk Road."

Within the vast 1,200-hectare archaeological park, you'll have the chance to observe all the constituent parts of this "wandering city." The site consists of a series of adjacent cities, roughly divided into the ancient (Erk Kala and Gyaur Kala), the medieval (Sultan Kala), and the post-medieval (Abdulla-Khan Kala and Bayram-Ali-Khan Kala). Besides these remnants, you'll also visit the 6th-9th century AD forts of Big and Little Kyz-Kalas, which are excellent examples of the so-called "corrugated Koshks." You'll also explore the splendid 12th-century mausoleums of Sultan Sanjar and Muhammed ibn-Zeyd, which demonstrate exquisite Seljuk-period brickwork and architectural décor.

This afternoon, depart Merv for the Farap border crossing on the Turkmenistan–Uzbekistan frontier, located northeast of Merv (about 239 km, 5-6 hours’ drive).

After completing customs and passport control on both sides of the border, proceed to the exit of the border control area, where your Uzbekistan guide/driver will be waiting to greet you with a sign bearing your name.

From here, continue your journey to Bukhara (about 123 km, 2 hours). Upon arrival in Bukhara, check in to your hotel and enjoy good rest before tomorrow’s exploration of this legendary Silk Road city.

Today, follow our guide to fully explore Bukhara, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most atmospheric cities along the Silk Road. Often called the “Second Mecca,” Bukhara has been a center of Islamic learning for centuries and is famous for its 2,500-year-old history as a Silk Road hub, from the era of the Samanids to the Timurids. This legendary city is also tied to the tales of One Thousand and One Nights and is the home of the beloved folk character Afandi.

Bukhara is wonderfully walkable - most of its landmarks are within a compact 6 km stretch - making it easy to immerse yourself in its living history, lively bazaars, and warm local atmosphere.

Your exploration begins at Chor Minor Madrasah, the four-towered gem that once graced the cover of Lonely Planet Central Asia. Built in 1807 by the wealthy merchant Khalif Niyazkul, its four unique minarets are believed to represent the four major religions of the world, with decorations that some interpret as Buddhist prayer wheels, Christian crosses, Zoroastrian motifs, and Islamic patterns. This charming structure is all that remains of a once-grand madrasa complex.

Continue to Lyabi Hauz Ensemble, the beating heart of Bukhara since the 17th century. Built around a peaceful pool shaded by mulberry trees, this square was once a lively Silk Road trading hub. Its three surrounding monuments — the Nadir Divan-Beghi Madrasah, the Nadir Divan-Beghi Khanaka (Sufi hospice), and the Kukeldash Madrasah - are masterpieces of Central Asian architecture. Today, Lyabi Hauz remains the social center of the city, lined with cafes where locals sip tea and travelers watch the world go by. Don’t miss the playful statue of Khodja Nasreddin (Afandi), the wise fool of Sufi legend, riding his donkey.

Nearby is the Magoki Attori Mosque, Bukhara’s oldest surviving mosque, dating back to the 9th–10th centuries. Situated 4.5 meters below ground level, this mosque is a true archaeological wonder, displaying ancient brickwork and terracotta ornamentation. It now houses a small carpet museum (admission self-pay).

From there, stroll through Bukhara’s famous Trading Domes, a network of 16th-century domed bazaars - Toki-Zargaron, Toki-Sarrofon, Telpak-Furushon, and Tim Abdullah Khan. Once bustling hubs for jewelers, money changers, and silk merchants, they still sell traditional crafts, carpets, and souvenirs, allowing you to experience Bukhara’s mercantile spirit firsthand.

Next, reach the Po-i-Kalyan Complex, the iconic centerpiece of Bukhara’s skyline. Here you will admire the 47-meter-high Kalyan Minaret - so magnificent that Genghis Khan spared it from destruction. The adjacent Kalyan Mosque, with its 288 domes and capacity for 10,000 worshippers, and the Mir-i-Arab Madrasah, with its turquoise domes and active Islamic school, together form one of Central Asia’s most stunning architectural ensembles.

Your final stops are the Ark of Bukhara, the ancient fortress that served as the royal residence for centuries, and the nearby Bolo Hauz Mosque, known as the “Mosque of Forty Columns” for its 20 exquisitely carved wooden pillars reflected in the pool in front. Inside the Ark, explore its throne room, coronation mosque, and museums, or climb to the top for sweeping views over the city.

Optional sunset tip: For an unforgettable end to your day, watch the sunset from the Ark’s walls or a rooftop near Po-i-Kalyan. As the minarets glow golden and the call to prayer echoes across the old city, Bukhara feels truly timeless.

After breakfast, set off from Bukhara toward Samarkand, with a stop in Shakhrisabz - the birthplace of the great conqueror Amir Timur (Tamerlane).

The journey from Bukhara to Shakhrisabz (about 264 km, 4-5 hours) takes you through flat desert landscapes before giving way to rolling hills dotted with lush green fields and orchards.

Upon arrival in Shakhrisabz, explore the Ruins of Ak-Saray Palace, Timur’s grand summer residence. Although only fragments of the monumental gateway remain, its scale is awe-inspiring - its soaring arch once stood over 40 meters high, richly decorated with blue-glazed tiles that hint at its former glory.

Continue to the Dorut Tilovat Complex, a serene ensemble of religious buildings where Timur’s spiritual mentor, Sheikh Shamsiddin Kulol, is buried. Admire the intricately tiled Kok Gumbaz Mosque, known as the “Blue Dome,” built by Timur’s grandson Ulugh Beg.

Then, visit the Dorus Saodat Complex, Timur’s intended dynastic mausoleum. Walk through its tranquil courtyards and see the crypt believed to have been prepared for Timur himself, a place of great historical significance.

After your visit, continue the scenic drive to Samarkand (92 km, about 1.5-2 hours), arriving in the late afternoon or evening. Check in and enjoy a good stay in this legendary Silk Road city.

Today, immerse yourself in Samarkand, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the former capital of the Timurid Empire (14th–15th centuries). Known as Uzbekistan’s cultural heart and second-largest city, Samarkand dazzles visitors with its monumental architecture, Silk Road legends, and vibrant bazaars. From the majestic Gur-e Amir Mausoleum to the iconic Registan Square, the grand Bibi Khanim Mosque, the breathtaking Shahi Zinda Necropolis, and the lively Siyab Bazaar, you will discover a city that celebrates the glory and power of the Timurid dynasty.

Begin at Gur-e Amir Mausoleum, the final resting place of Amir Timur (Tamerlane), completed in 1404. This striking monument, crowned with a ribbed azure dome, served as a prototype for later Mughal architecture, including India’s Taj Mahal. Step inside to marvel at its gilded interior, intricate jade tombstones, and delicate calligraphy. Look for Timur’s legendary grave marker, said to carry a warning: “Whosoever disturbs my tomb will unleash an invader more terrible than I.” When Soviet archaeologists opened the tomb in June 1941, Nazi Germany invaded the USSR days later - a story that adds an air of mystery to your visit.

Next, head to Registan Square, the heart of Samarkand and one of the Silk Road’s most magnificent sights. Once a sandy gathering place for royal decrees, military parades, and festivals, it is now flanked by three resplendent madrasahs: Ulugh Beg Madrasa (1420), with its starry celestial mosaics; Sher-Dor Madrasa (1619), famed for its unique lion mosaics; and Tilya-Kori Madrasa (1660), with a dazzling gold-leaf dome that graces the cover of many guidebooks. By day, Registan is a masterpiece of symmetry and tilework; by night, it transforms under magical illuminations - a perfect spot for photography.

Continue to the monumental Bibi Khanim Mosque, one of the largest in the Islamic world. Built in 1404 to honor Timur’s wife, the mosque is steeped in legend - including the tale of the architect who dared to kiss Bibi Khanim and met Timur’s wrath. Step inside to admire gilded decorations inspired by local embroidery traditions.

Right nearby lies Siyab Bazaar, where you can sample Samarkand’s famous round bread, dried fruits, and spices while mingling with locals - a lively reminder that Samarkand was once a key Silk Road trading hub.

End your day with a stroll through Shahi Zinda Necropolis, an extraordinary “avenue of mausoleums” climbing a hillside. This necropolis, dating from the 11th to 15th centuries, contains some of the finest examples of Timurid-era tilework and the tombs of Timur’s female relatives and high-ranking nobles. The site is also believed to house the grave of Qutham ibn Abbas, cousin of Prophet Muhammad, making it a revered pilgrimage site. With its brilliant turquoise domes and intricate mosaics, Shahi Zinda is not just a spiritual landmark but also one of Samarkand’s most photogenic spots.

Spend your final morning in Samarkand, deepening your appreciation for this Silk Road gem. Begin at the Ulugh Beg Observatory, one of the most advanced observatories of the medieval world. Built in the 1420s by Ulugh Beg, Timur’s scholarly grandson and an “Astronomer King,” this hilltop site once housed a massive 11-meter sextant used to chart the heavens with remarkable accuracy. Though the observatory was destroyed in 1449 and only rediscovered in 1908, its surviving ruins and small museum offer fascinating insight into Samarkand’s golden age of science - and reward visitors with sweeping city views.

Continue to the Khodja Doniyor Mausoleum (Tomb of Sait Daniel), a spiritual site revered by Muslims, Jews, and Christians alike. Here lies the legendary tomb of Prophet Daniel, its sarcophagus unusually long at 18 meters — said to grow a little each year. Timur brought Daniel’s relics to Samarkand, and pilgrims have been coming ever since to pray at the tomb and drink from its sacred spring, believed to have healing properties. The serene setting on the banks of the Siab River makes this a perfect stop for quiet reflection and to appreciate Samarkand’s role as a crossroads of faith and culture.

Before departing, visit the Afrosiab Museum, located on the ruins of ancient Samarkand. This museum reveals the city’s 2,500-year history, from its earliest settlement through its Silk Road zenith. The highlight is the 7th-century Hall of Ambassadors fresco, which vividly portrays King Varkhuman welcoming envoys from China, Persia, and beyond - a remarkable record of early diplomacy. Pottery, coins, and ossuaries showcase life in pre-Mongol Samarkand, and a detailed city model helps you imagine the metropolis before Genghis Khan’s conquest.

After the tour, you can either rest or feel free to explore Samarkand.

This morning, you will transfer from your hotel in Samarkand to the Uzbekistan–Tajikistan border at Jartepa (50 km, about 1 hour). After completing customs and passport control on both sides, simply walk to the exit of the border control area.

Here, your Tajik guide and driver will be waiting for you with a sign displaying your name. After a warm welcome, you will set off on a short drive (20 km, about 30 minutes) to reach Penjikent, your first destination in Tajikistan.

Known as the “Pompeii of Central Asia,” Penjikent was once a major center of the ancient Sogdian civilization. Between the 5th and 8th centuries, this city thrived as a cultural and commercial hub on the Silk Road. The Sogdians were known as the “soul of the Silk Road,” dominating trade across Eurasia - from Chinese silk to Western glassware and Indian spices.

Upon arrival, check in at your hotel and begin exploring Penjikent. Start with the Rudaki Museum, home to thousands of artifacts unearthed from local excavations - pottery, coins, sculptures, and tools - which vividly depict the Sogdian way of life. Here you’ll discover their art, clothing, mythology, and even scenes of feasts and rituals.

Next, visit the Ancient Penjikent Ruins, the remarkably preserved remains of a complete 5th–8th century Sogdian city. As you walk among the mud-brick foundations of palaces, residential quarters, temples, and fortifications, you can clearly visualize the city’s original layout and imagine the bustling life of the Silk Road era.

Travel Note: As you head deeper into the Fann Mountains, expect simpler tourist infrastructure. Tonight, you will stay in the best available local hotel, but with more basic amenities compared to the big cities. Consider this part of the adventure and a chance to experience authentic Tajik hospitality.

After breakfast, set out on an unforgettable full-day adventure to explore Tajikistan’s legendary Seven Lakes, known locally as Haftkul or the Marguzor Lakes. These seven glacier-fed lakes are strung together by a single river, like a sparkling necklace laid across the valley floor.

Your journey begins with a bumpy but scenic drive into the mountains. Though the Seven Lakes are not far from Penjikent, the rugged road makes this a full-day trip. As you travel deeper into the valley, you’ll pass the first five lakes - Nejigon, Soya, Gushor, Nofin, and Khurdak - each with its own distinct color, ranging from pale green to vivid turquoise and deep blue. It’s like nature’s own painter’s palette.

Light Hike from the Sixth to the Seventh of the Seven Lakes:

You’ll reach Marguzor, the sixth and largest lake, a dazzling expanse of sapphire water framed by dramatic peaks. From here, take an easy two-hour round-trip hike to Hazorchashma, the seventh and highest lake, whose name means “A Thousand Springs.” The water here is crystal clear, and the surrounding atmosphere feels serene and untouched.

Enjoy a picnic by the lakeshore, soak in the alpine views, and perhaps take a short stroll through the nearby villages to experience the simple, authentic rhythm of Tajik mountain life.

In the afternoon, return by road to Penjikent for your overnight stay.

After breakfast, leave Penjikent and set out to explore the northeastern part of Tajikistan. Your journey today takes you to Khujand, traveling through the impressive Anzob and Shakhristan tunnels along the way.

On the road, you will stop in Istaravshan (182km, 3-3.5 hours’ drive from Penjikent), often called the “City of Craftsmen.” Here, you’ll enjoy a short exploration of its historic sites, traditional handicrafts, and authentic local life. A visit to the lively Central Bazaar offers the chance to immerse yourself in the daily rhythm of the town, browse stalls filled with fresh fruits and farm produce, and admire handmade items such as the city’s renowned knives and woodcarvings. You may even witness the process (forging, grinding, or handle-making) for knives and swords, and have opportunity to talk with local artisans.

Your journey continues with a visit to the Hazrati Shah Architectural Complex, whose origins date back to the 11th-12th centuries. Named after Hazrati Shah, brother of Qusam ibn Abbas (a cousin of the Prophet Muhammad), the complex includes the Hazrati Shah Mausoleum and the Khudayar Valami Mausoleum. As you wander through, take note of the beautifully carved wooden beams, doors, and columns, adorned with floral, geometric, and calligraphic motifs that showcase the remarkable craftsmanship of the region.

Before leaving Istaravshan, you’ll also catch a view of the ancient Mug Teppe Fort - one of the oldest sites in the area, stretching back over 2,500 years.

By late afternoon, continue your drive (75km) to Khujand, where you will check in to your hotel and spend the night.

Khujand, located in the far north of Tajikistan, is one of the country’s most historic cities. Its origins date back to the 4th century BC and it is believed to have been founded by Alexander the Great himself, who named it Alexandria Eschate - “The Furthest Alexandria.” With more than 2,500 years of history, Khujand was once a key stop on the Ancient Silk Road.

Today, Khujand is Tajikistan’s second-largest city and a fascinating blend of past and present. Set at the gateway to the fertile Fergana Valley, it stretches across both banks of the Syr Darya River and is surrounded by scenic mountains. The city is modern, clean, and lively, yet still retains the charm of a living ancient Silk Road hub.

After breakfast, let’s have full day exploration in Khujand. Begin with a visit to the Sheikh Muslihiddin Complex, the spiritual heart of the city. Its highlight is the Mausoleum of Sheikh Muslihiddin, built in honor of the 12th-century poet, ruler, and religious leader. Admire the intricate brickwork patterns on the exterior and the beautifully painted ceilings, carved wooden details, and artistic ornamentation inside. You will often see locals for daily prayers, while flocks of pigeons gather peacefully in the square. Peaceful and relaxing here.

Next, walk a few steps to Panjshanbe Bazaar, one of the oldest and liveliest markets in Khujand. Catch the great chance to experience daily Tajik life here. Stroll through rows of stalls overflowing with fresh fruits, vegetables, dried fruits, and spices. You will also find traditional Tajik clothing, colorful textiles, and handmade crafts. Even, you can try local favorites such as samsa (savory pastries), shashlik (grilled meat skewers), and osh/plov (pilaf). The friendly and warm Tajik people will impress you.

This afternoon, explore the Khujand Fortress and Historical Museum of Khujand (Sughd Region Museum). Home to more than 15,000 artifacts, the museum showcases rare handwoven Tajik rugs, exquisite embroidery, pottery, household items, and traditional costumes. As you explore, trace Khujand’s history from the time of Alexander the Great to the modern era, and learn the legendary story of the local hero Timur Malik.

Don’t miss the striking marble mosaics depicting the life of Alexander of Macedon, who founded the most distant of his cities here in 329 BC, and see the statue of Timur Malik, celebrated for his courageous stand against the Mongol invasion in 1219–1220. Afterward, stroll around the fortress ruins, run your hands along the ancient brick walls, and imagine the fierce battles once fought here.

Later, visit a local Tajik family, where you’ll get an intimate look at traditional crafts. Watch as local women demonstrate beautiful Suzani embroidery or other intricate textile work - a living tradition passed down through generations.

Last, end your day with a leisurely walk along the scenic Syr Darya River promenade. As the sun sets, the golden glow reflects off the water, very beautiful.

Stay overnight in Khujand.

After enjoying a leisurely breakfast in Khujand, depart for the Tajikistan–Uzbekistan border, just an hour’s drive away. After completing formalities, bid farewell to your Tajik guide and driver, then walk across the border where your new Uzbek guide and driver will be waiting.

From here, continue your journey for about 2 hours to Tashkent, Uzbekistan’s dynamic capital and the largest city in Central Asia. Check in your hotel in Tashkent and have half-day visit here.

Half-day Tashkent City Tour:

Begin your day in the Old City at the Khast-Imam Complex, the spiritual heart of Tashkent. This serene ensemble of blue-domed mosques, mausoleums, and madrasahs invites you to step back in time. Here you’ll find the elegant Hazrati Imam Mosque, whose twin 53-meter minarets and gold-leafed domes dominate the square, as well as the Tillya Sheikh Mosque, Barak Khan Madrasah, and the Mausoleum of Abu Bakr Kaffal Shashi, a 10th-century scholar, poet, and locksmith-saint after whom the complex is named. Be sure to visit the Mui Muborak Library, home to the revered 7th-century Osman Qur’an - one of the world’s oldest copies.

After soaking up the complex’s peaceful atmosphere, stroll through Barak Khan Madrasah, now home to artisan workshops and boutiques. Watch local masters create ikat fabrics, woodcarvings, pottery, and jewelry, giving you a chance to bring home a unique handmade souvenir.

Continue your immersion in local culture with a visit to Chorsu Bazaar, Tashkent’s largest and most iconic marketplace. Beneath its turquoise dome, vendors sell colorful spices, dried fruits, fresh bread still warm from the tandoor, and vibrant handicrafts. Sample street food, chat with friendly locals, and experience the daily rhythm of Tashkent life.

Later, descend underground for a ride on the Tashkent Metro - an experience in itself. As the first subway system in Central Asia, it is a living museum of Soviet architecture and Uzbek decorative art. Each station is uniquely designed, from Kosmonavtlar with its cosmonaut-themed mosaics to Paxtakor with cotton motifs.

Emerge at Amir Timur Square, the heart of modern Tashkent. Surrounded by landmarks such as Hotel Uzbekistan, the Palace of International Forums, and the University of Law, the square is anchored by a bronze equestrian statue of Amir Timur, the great Central Asian conqueror and founder of the Timurid Empire. Take time to relax by the fountains, stroll through the green spaces, and - if time allows - visit the Amir Timur Museum (closed Mondays), whose striking dome is depicted on the 1,000-som banknote. Inside, discover fascinating exhibits on Timur’s life and legacy.

After the tour, be escorted to the hotel in Tashkent.

On this day, you will be transferred to the airport in Tashkent for your flight to Bishkek (about 20 minutes).

Welcome to Kyrgyzstan! Often called the "Switzerland of Central Asia," Kyrgyzstan is famous for its breathtaking natural beauty and nomadic culture. Bishkek, the capital, is filled with Soviet-era charm and lush greenery.

Upon landing at Manas International Airport (FRU) in Bishkek, your local driver will be waiting to transfer you to your downtown hotel. (Tip: the airport is about 32 km northwest of Bishkek, 40min to 1-hour drive.)

After checking in, you'll have time to explore the city on your own. Have a rest today.

After breakfast, you will have time to explore the city highlights of Bishkek. Begin at the city's main square - Ala-Too Square. See the imposing statue of Manas, the legendary national hero, as well as the Government House and the national flagpole. At certain times, you may also witness military changing-of-the-guard ceremony.

From the square, walk to beautiful Oak Park, a quiet retreat in the city center with centuries-old oak trees and a collection of sculptures.

And then, move to Osh Bazaar. ****Experience local life and browse everything from fresh produce, spices, and dried fruits to traditional clothing, handicrafts, and carpets.

This afternoon, you'll drive to Ala-Archa National Park (30 km, 40 minutes to an hour), located southwest of Bishkek. Known as Bishkek's "backyard park," this alpine park in the Tian Shan Mountains offers scenery reminiscent of Switzerland. Majestic snow-capped peaks, blue skies, dense pine forests, alpine meadows, and picturesque river valleys. It's great for light hiking. You can follow the river to enjoy a memorable time here. Keep an eye out for animals like squirrels, red deer, wild goats, or even snow leopard (rare to see)! (Route Tip: There are three hiking routes to choose, we suggest you the easy one follow the riverbank for scenic views).

After the hike, you'll be transferred back to your hotel in Bishkek.

After breakfast, your journey will take you east from Bishkek towards Issyk-Kul, the world's second-largest high-altitude lake.

En route, you'll visit the Burana Tower. This historic site, originally built in the 11th century, was once part of Balasagun, the ancient capital of the Kara-Khanid Khanate. You can climb to the top of the tower to get a spectacular view of the surrounding ruins and the distant snow-capped mountains. On the ground, you can walk among the Balbals, stone figures that are medieval Turkic nomadic gravestones, offering a fascinating glimpse into the region's ancient past.

Afterward, continue your drive to Cholpon-Ata (3-hour drive), on the northern shore of Issyk-Kul. You'll check in to your hotel, and the rest of the day will be yours to relax and enjoy the beautiful lake.

Issyk-Kul is the "Pearl of Central Asia"! The lake's name means "warm lake" in Kyrgyz, as its saltwater composition keeps it from freezing even at an altitude of 1,607 meters. Its crystal-clear waters give you the feeling of being on the seashore.

Ideas for Free Time at Issyk-Kul Lake:

(1) Relax or Swim: Head to the golden sandy beaches to sunbathe or swim in the warm, clear water. (2) Take a Boat Trip: Go to the pier and take a boat out onto the lake to admire the magnificent views of the surrounding snow-capped mountains.

Enjoy breakfast at your hotel. After that, you'll visit the Petroglyphs Museum. This open-air museum (42 hectares) is set on vast land with the majestic Tianshan Mountain range as backdrop. Here, you'll find ancient petroglyphs carved on massive black basalt stones, which are dated from the 2nd millennium BC until the 4th century AD. These carvings depict animals like wolves and snow leopards, as well as hunting and sacrificial scenes.

After that, you will be transferred to Karakol. It is about 145km, with 3-3.5 hours’ drive. Karakol is the administrative center of the Issyk-Kul region. The city also served as a military outpost during the 19th-century Russian Empire.

Upon arrival, you will spend some time exploring Karakol. You'll head to the Dungan Mosque. Built in 1904, this mosque was constructed entirely of wood, without a single nail. Instead of a minaret, it features a pagoda-like wooden tower. Its unique architecture is a stunning blend of Central Asian Islamic and traditional Chinese temple styles, with a vibrant green, blue, and yellow exterior. Its roof features Chinese-style glazed tiles and intricate wood carvings, while its interior layout fully complies with Islamic traditions.

Later, you'll visit the Holy Trinity Orthodox Cathedral. This church is also a wooden structure, with a cruciform shape and five golden onion-shaped domes - a typical style for Russian Orthodox church. The interior is beautifully decorated, preserving many valuable religious frescoes and icons that depict stories of Jesus, the Virgin Mary, and the saints.

After the tour, get back to your hotel in Karakol for a good rest.

After breakfast, you'll depart from Karakol and drive to Jety-Oguz Gorge. This gorge, which means "Seven Bulls" in Kyrgyz, is famous for its unique red rock formations, lush valleys, and romantic legends. You'll marvel at the iconic Seven Bulls landmark, where seven giant red rocks stand side-by-side, resembling seven bulls. This is the first and most important photo spot in the gorge. Next to it, an isolated red rock shaped like a Broken Heart is another popular sight. As you venture deeper into the gorge, you'll discover more abundant and pristine natural beauty.

After the tour, be transferred back to Karakol. You will have more time to explore Karakol. And stay overnight here.

Today, you’ll depart from Karakol and journey toward the Kyrgyzstan-Kazakhstan border. After completing border formalities, continue your scenic drive to Saty Village, a charming gateway to Kazakhstan’s natural wonders.

If time allows, stretch your legs with a light hike around the village to soak in the fresh mountain air and tranquil surroundings before settling in for the evening.

After breakfast, set out for Kaindy Lake (alt. 2,000 m), traveling through Saty Village before venturing into the pristine landscapes of Kolsay Lakes National Park. Known for its surreal Sunken Forest and cobalt-blue waters, Kaindy is one of Kazakhstan’s most photogenic natural wonders. The lake was formed after a 1911 earthquake triggered a landslide, submerging a forest of 400-year-old Schrenk’s spruce trees. Today, their ghostly trunks rise vertically from the water like ship masts, creating an otherworldly scene.

Kaindy Lake has earned a spot among Lonely Planet’s Top 20 Most Amazing Travel Destinations for its striking “underwater forest,” where you can still see the spruce needles perfectly preserved beneath the surface. The lake’s color changes with the light, making every view feel unique. Reaching Kaindy requires navigating rugged mountain roads - switch to 4x4 vehicles or, if you prefer, ride a horse or hike the short approach trail. Once there, stroll along the lakeshore, hike to nearby viewpoints for panoramic photos, and breathe in the crisp mountain air. The setting is spectacular year-round, especially in autumn when the surrounding trees turn golden, or in winter when snow creates a magical contrast.

Next, continue your adventure to Charyn Canyon National Park, often called the “Grand Canyon of Central Asia.” This dramatic 12-million-year-old canyon stretches along the Charyn River and showcases layers of colorful sedimentary rock shaped by wind and water over millennia. The highlight here is the Valley of Castles, a 2–3 km trail where towering rock formations resemble ancient fortresses and spires. As you descend into the canyon, the sheer cliffs rise dramatically on both sides, and the play of light and shadow makes for unforgettable photos.

At the canyon floor, relax by the Charyn River, a peaceful spot to enjoy your packed lunch or a snack while taking in the scale of the cliffs around you. The park spans 154 km and features a variety of landscapes - semi-deserts, lush riverbanks, and even pockets of forest - with snow-capped Tien Shan peaks visible in the distance. Wildlife enthusiasts might spot foxes, hares, eagles, or lizards along the way.

After exploring, drive onward to Almaty, where you’ll settle in for the evening.

A full day exploring Almaty’s highlights! Today’s Almaty tour blends history, culture & nature: Central State Museum (history buffs’ paradise), Central Mosque (golden domes), Green Bazaar (food & local life), Panfilov Park (honor heroes), Zenkov Cathedral (wooden architecture), Folk Instruments Museum (Kazakh culture & musical tradition), Kok-Tobe Hill (panoramic views).

First, visit Central State Museum of Kazakhstan (Closed on Tuesdays), the landmark of Almaty. Designed by well-known architect Andrey Pavlochich Zenkov and constructed in 1904-1907, it is one of Central Asia's largest and oldest museums, which endured a strong earthquake in 1911. The museum has 3 floors with more than 200,000 exhibits spanning from the Stone Age to modern times, and it offers a deep dive into Kazakh history. Must-sees include the iconic Golden Man replica (4th-century BCE Saka armor; a national symbol of Kazakhstan), Mongol-era artifacts, and traditional nomadic costumes.

Then, pay a visit to the Central Mosque (Closed on Friday). The mosque has a capacity of up to 7,000 people, is one of the largest mosques in Kazakhstan. Minarets are located in the corners of the building, the domes of which are covered with real gold.

Nearby, the Green Bazaar (Zeleny Bazar), a 19th-century market, buzzes with local life and offers a wide array of snacks and souvenirs. Must-sees: vibrant stalls of spices, fruits (apples of different colors), and handmade crafts. Must-tries: juicy samsa (meat pies), tangy kurt (dried cheese), horse sausage (kazy), and delicious dairy treats.

In the afternoon, explore 28 Panfilov Guardsmen Park (Panfilov Park), a green oasis in Almaty. The park is named after Soviet General Ivan Panfilov, 28 soldiers are remembered for delaying the German advance into the Soviet capital of Moscow in 1941. "Great Russia, but nowhere to retreat. Moscow is behind us." These were the final words of political commissar Klochkov, a phrase that became legendary in Soviet history books. Stroll peaceful paths and honor the 28 WWII heroes at the solemn monument with an eternal flame. It shows us how hard war is and why we should care about peace.

Not far away, you’ll find the colorful Ascension Cathedral, also known as Zenkov Cathedral, in honor of its designer, the Russian architect Andrei Pavlovich Zenkov. This landmark inside Panfilov Park is one of the best photography spots in Almaty.

Completed in 1907, this Tsarist-era wooden building (56 meters tall) is the second-tallest wooden church in the world. As a prime example of a Russian Orthodox church built without a single nail, it remarkably survived the devastating 1911 earthquake (magnitude 7.7) with minimal damage.

During the Soviet period, the cathedral was used to house a museum and a radio tower. Today, it accommodates 1,800 people and hosts regular services. Must-sees include the vibrant interior murals, the intricate iconostasis, and the historic bell tower. Its peaceful ambiance makes it a perfect place for contemplation.

Nearby, you can visit the Kazakh Museum of Folk Musical Instruments (Closed on Mondays), which was once the House of Officers. The wooden Russian-style building, erected in 1908, was designed by the same architect as the cathedral, Andrei Pavlovich Zenkov.

Kazakhstan is a multi-ethnic country with a long and rich musical history. You can explore over 1,000 instruments here, including Kazakh national musical instruments like wooden harps, horns, bagpipes, the lute-like two-stringed dombra, and the viola-like kobyz. Some were once played by famous composers. You may get a chance to enjoy live performances and interactive exhibits that celebrate the soul of Kazakh music. It's a must for music lovers.

At last, time to reach Kok-Tobe Hill, a symbol of Almaty. With an elevation of 1,100 meters, the hill offers breathtaking views of Almaty city & the snow-capped Shymbulak Mountain (Tianshan Mountains). Ride the scenic cable car, visit the Beatles monument, and snap photos of the iconic TV tower (372 meters tall). Enjoy the amusement park (self-pay; Ferris wheel & mini-zoo), souvenir shops, and local dining. It’s perfect for photography (sunset), relaxation, and family fun amidst nature!

Overnight in Almaty.

After breakfast, you will have some free time to explore Almaty. Afterward, you will be transferred to the airport for your flight to your next destination or to return home. Your 22-days Five Stans Tour concludes here. (Tip: Please inform us of your flight details so we can arrange your airport transfer accordingly.)

Tailored Experience in Central Asia: We can tailor Central Asia tour based on your preferred duration and interests.

Thank you for choosing Asia Odyssey Travel for your 5 Stans tour. We look forward to welcoming you back for your next adventure!